COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURE REPORT AT THE AGRONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOUTHEAST ASIA FIELD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF BAYER CROPSCIENCE IN MASIIT, CALAUAN, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES Miss PONSAWAN KHAMPHASAN ID. 543030378-3 INOCULATION METHODS AND MASS PRODUCTION OF DAMPING OFF CAUSED BY Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii IN LETTUCE AND ONION THIS REPORT IS PART OF THE COURSE 100495 COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE AGRICULTURE (PLANT PATHOLOGY) FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE KHON KEAN UNIVERSITY JULY 2014 COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURE REPORT Academic year 2013 Title : Inoculation methods and mass production of damping-off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii in lettuce and onion at the Bayer Cropscience (AD-SEA) in the Philippines Name of reporter: Miss Ponsawan Khamphasan Name of company: The Agronomic Development Southeast Asia Field Research and Development Center of Bayer CropScience (AD-SEA) Address: Bayer CropScience, Inc., Agronomic Development Southeast Asia Field Research and Development Center (ADSEA), Barangay Masiit, Calauan, Laguna, Philippines Job supervisors: Mr. Leo Hawod Position: Lead Researcher (Disease Management) ……………………………………………………………………Adviser (Dr. Anan Wongcharone) Board of Cooperative Education …………………………………………………………………… committee (Dr. Anan Wongcharone) …………………………………………………………………… committee (………………………………………………………………..) Copyright of faculty of agriculture Khon kaen university COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURE REPORT The Bayer CropScience Agronomic Development Southeast Asia Field Research and Development Center (AD-SED) at Masiit, Calauan, Laguna, Philippines Miss Ponsawan Khamphasan ID. 543030378-3 This report is part of the course 100495 cooperative education in agriculture Bachelor of science agriculture (Plant pathology) Faculty of agriculture Khon kaen university July 2014 a Acknowledgements In performing my internship, it's a successful one I had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons. First of all I am grateful to Khon kaen university who giving a scholarships and opportunity to internship in the Philippines, and also faculty of agriculture who support and help me. I would like to thank you to the Bayer Cropscience and Mr. Pete Davies for accept and giving a chance to internship at AD-SEA, I gain good experience and new knowledge. I also would like to thank you to Mr. Leo Hawod who is my job supervisor for the valuable guidance and advice. I also would like to thank you to Pia, Jennifer, Charish, Macy and everyone at AD-SEA for helps and suggestions I also would like to thank you to my faculty advisor Dr. Anan Wongcharone for support , the valuable guidance and advice. I have to thank you to my lovely family for support me. I also would like to so much thank you to everyone who is a part of helps to successful. b TABLE OF CONTENTS Detail Page Acknowledgement a Table of contents b Table of figure c Table of table d Chapter 1 Company 1.1 Organization of company 1 1.2 Participation of students 3 Chapter 2 Project 2.1 Abstract 4 2.2 Introduction 5 2.3 Objective 6 2.4 Review of related literature 6 2.5 Material and method 13 2.6 Result 13 2.7 conclusion 26 2.8 references 27 Chapter 3 work achievement recommendation and advantage 28 Chapter 4 Appendix 4.1 company and activities 30 4.2 Project 53 4.3 living in Philippines 57 Table of figure c Detail Page Figure.1 Organization Chart of AD-SEA 2 Figure.2 Disease cycle of damping-off and seed decay caused by Pythium sp. 10 Figure.3 Disease cycle of Rhizoctonia solani (Thanatephorus cucumeris) 10 Figure.4: Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum in different media 15 Figure. 5 Growth of Rhizoctonia solani in different media 16 Figure. 6 Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in different media 18 Figure.7 Rate of germination on lettuce of different pathogenicity methods 19 for damping-off at greenhouse. Figure.8 Pathogenicity testing of damping-off in lettuce 19 Figure. 9 Rate of germination on onion of different pathogenicity methods 20 for damping-off at greenhouse. Figure. 10 Pathogenicity testing of damping-off in onion 20 Figure. 11 Rate of germination on lettuce of different inoculation methods for damping off. 22 Figure.12 Lettuce growth on different inoculum media of damping off 23 Figure. 13 Rate of germination on onion of different inoculation methods 24 for damping-off Figure. 14 Onion growth on different inoculum media of damping off 25 Table of table d Detail Page Table 1: Result of diameter mycelia of Pythium aphanidermatum in 14 different culture media within 10 days of incubation Table 2: Result of diameter mycelia of Rhizoctonia solani in 16 different culture media within 10 days of incubation Table 3: Result of diameter mycelia of Sclerotium rolfsii in 17 different culture media within 10 days of incubation 1 CHAPTER 1 COMPANY 1.1 Organization of company The Agronomic Development Southeast Asia (AD-SEA) Field Research and Development Center is part of Bayer CropScience’s global AD field testing organization. Functions Global: • To evaluate new molecules under local conditions • To profile new or more advanced candidates and products. • To enable the development process Region: • To carry out technical training programs for Regional personnel. • To give technical support to MDT and other Regional forums. • To carry out trial programs as required and where possible. Southeast Asian Countries: • To make information on new candidates available to countries in SEA. • To support Development and Commercial needs of countries in field programs and technical support. Organization • Our team in Philippines consists of 8 Researchers, a Trial Manager and an Administrator. • In Thailand, we have a lean team of 4 in the field. • In Vietnam, we contract up to 20 trials to the local development team 2 Figure1 Organization Chart of AD-SEA Sites • In Philippines we have 2 plantation sites in Davao and a cold weather site in the mountains in Tublay. We have 2 sites with rice paddies and the rest are for upland fruit and vegetables. In Thailand we have an elevated site near Chiang Mai, our other sites are all within 100km of Bangkok. In Vietnam all trials are done in farmers’ fields. • We have one Bayer-owned Field Station in Thailand at Suphanburi. The other four sites in Thailand and all 7 sites in Philippines, including this one are rented. 3 The Masiit Trial Station • 8.3 hectares • 70% - lowland paddy (rice) • 30% - upland area (vegetable and field crops) • Strategically located near science community of Los Banos. • Serves as the main field research and development center of Bayer Crop Science in Southeast Asia. • It also serves as Training Center for APAC. 1.2 Participation of students Activities All of activities were done at The Bayer CropScience Agronomic Development Southeast Asia Field Research and Development Center at Masiit, Calauan, Laguna, Philippines from March, 24 2014 to July, 11 2014. Mr. Leo Hawod is Job supervisor of Thai student. Working hours started at 8 am to 5 pm (Full time), Monday to Friday. I am plant pathologist assistant. Most of activities were done in the field, green house and in the plant pathology laboratory. 1.2.1 Lecture - Rice production - Vegetable production - Weed of Rice - Important diseases of Rice - Insect pests managements 1.2.2 Field trial Activities - Trials design and lay out - Experimental design and lay-out - Application - Assessment [Insecticide trials in kale (White fly)] - Insecticide trials in kale (White fly) 4 - Seed germination testing (seed treatment) - Data entry 1.2.3 Project (Damping-off) 5 CHAPTER 2 INOCULATION METHODS AND MASS PRODUCTION OF DAMPING OFF CAUSED BY Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii IN LETTUCE AND ONION AT THE BAYER CROPSCIENCE (AD-SEA) IN PHILIPPINES 2.1 ABSTRACT This project was conducted at The Bayer CropScience Agronomic Development Southeast Asia Field Research and Development Center (AD-SED) at Masiit, Calauan, Laguna, Philippines. The internship was focus on inoculation method and mass production of damping off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii in lettuce and onion. Specific activities included comparison of different culture media for growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii, growth was compared on three media, Potatoes Dextrose Agar (PDA), Corn Meal Agar (CMA), Rice Dextrose Agar (RDA). Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani was best on PDA and Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii was best on CMA. For pathogenicity testing by agar block and pulpy agar. Germination of lettuce and onions seeds were lowest in pots prepared by pulpy agar. For mass production of damping off for the three pathogen were transfer to plastic bag by different substrate, rice hull with rice grain and sawdust with sorghum. Germination of lettuce and onions seeds were lowest in trays prepared by rice hull with rice grain. 6 2.2 INTRODUCTION With a constantly increasing population and demand for food in the world, there is an urgent need for increased food production and sustainable agricultural development. Damages to crop by pests have been recognized as one of the most important constraints in food production. This is due to the fact the tropical conditions favor the growth and development of not only crops but also plant pest. The plant disease can cause severe yield reduction when left uncontrolled, not only reduce crop yield but also reduce quality of produce and lowering its market value. For vegetable production, Damping-off frequently attacks seeds, young seedlings of almost all kinds of vegetables, It is hard to get older and their stems that is a problem. Losses to damping- off can be severe, especially when cool, wet weather prevails at seeding or seed emergence. Damping-off diseases were found worldwide and can be caused by several species of fungi. Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii that commonly cause damping-off. Several species of Pythium spp. cause pre- and postemergence damping-off.