Index1 A Allgemeine Osterreichische Abegg, Richard, 99, 103 Bodenkreditanstalt, 287 Abraumsalze, 13 Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, 204, Absorption towers, for nitric acid, 57, 60, 66, 214–216, 274, 276, 277, 296, 298– 121, 194, 217 299, 383 Acade´mie des Sciences, 247 Allievi, Lorenzo, 229 Acetic acid, 51 Allmand, Arthur John, 217 Acetone, 145 Alloys, 52, 219, 261, 321, 322 Acetylene, 20, 50, 51, 75, 134, 169 acid-resistant, 152 under pressure, 355, 375 chrome-nickel-tungsten (BTG), 246 Acheson, Edward Goodrich, 49 chrome-nickel-tungsten (HR-1T), 246 Acidic soils, 47, 359 chromium, 261 Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation molybdenum, 261 (AGFA), 63, 94 nickel, 261 Adams, Edward Dean, 71 stainless steel, 47 Address to the Agriculturalists of Great Britain Alnarp, Sweden, 24 (Liebig), 10 Alumina, 33, 49 Adler, Rene´, 207, 211 Aluminium, 49, 52, 175, 191, 304 Adriatic cruise, 295 Aluminium carbide, 32 Adulteration, 159 Aluminium-Industriegesellschaft Neuhausen, 67 Aerial bombs, 144 Aluminium nitride, 32, 33 Agricultural Chemistry Association of Aluminothermic (thermite) reaction, 34 Scotland, 24 Ålvik, Norway, 78 Agricultural experiment stations, 24–25 AlzChem (company), 358, 359 Air Liquide. See Socie´te´ L’Air Liquide Amalgamated Phosphate Company, 82 Air Nitrates Corporation, 183 Amatol, 142 Aktiengesellschaft für Stickstoffdünger, 86, 153 American Association of Official Agricultural Alabama Power Company, 79 Chemists, 24 Alby, Sweden, 78, 139, 193 American Chemical Industry: A History Alby United Carbide Factories, Ltd, 77, 193 (Haynes), 79 Alizarin, 93–94, 374 American Chemical Society, 181, 296 Allen, E. M., 296 American Cyanamid Company, 47, 79–83, Allgemeine Elektrizita¨ts-Gesellschaft (AEG), 182–183, 252, 259, 275, 277, 293, 296, 50, 136 302, 304, 316, 358, 368. See also 1The original version of this Index was revised. A correction to this Index is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68963-0_21 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 387 A.S. Travis, Nitrogen Capture, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68963-0 388 Index Chemical Construction Corporation Ammo-Phos Corporation, 82, 180 (Chemico) Ampe`re Electro-Chemical Company, 71 American Electrochemical Society, 99, 321 Amtorg Trading Corporation, 313, 322 American Federal Dyestuff and Chemical AMV process (ICI), 356 Corporation, 267 An Essay on the Principle of Population American Home Products, 358 (Multhus), 23 American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 181 Andes, 26 American Oil Company, 356 Andreucci, Carlo, 230 “American” process (synthetic ammonia), 271 Angouleˆme, France, 155 American University, 266 Aniline, 31 Ammonal, 141 Aniline dollar, 364 Ammonia (NH3), 20, 22, 32 Ankerløkken, Norway, 53 anhydrous, 230, 366, 380 Anschütz, Richard, 192 as motor fuel, 243 Anshan, Manchuria, 342 Ammonia Avenue (Billingham), 216 Anthracite, 82 Ammonia liquor, 27, 39, 61, 153 Anti-Soviet Trotskyite acts of sabotage, 325 Ammonia Casale SA, 236–237, 239, 241, 243, Antofagasta, 25–27 315, 356, 380 Antofagasta Nitrate and Railway Company Ammonia, synthetic. See named processes: (Companı~´a de Salitres y Ferrocarriles de Brunner, Mond (ICI), Casale, Claude, Antofagasta), 25–27 Du Pont, Fauser, FNRL, General Anzin, France, 241 Chemical, Haber-Bosch, Mont Cenis, Anzin-Kuhlmann Chemical Products Nitrogen Engineering Corporation Co. (Socie´te´ des Produits Chimiques (NEC), TIEL Anzin-Kuhlmann), 241 Ammonia Corporation, 275 Aosta Valley, Italy, 75 Ammonia, from calcium cyanamide, 70, 82, Appenine Mountains, 33 134, 135, 137, 153–154, 155, 171 Ardeer, UK, 62 Ammonia, from coal gas and coke oven works, Ardit 527 (car), 243 27–29, 121, 153, 362 Arendal, Norway, 33, 59 Ammoniakwerke Merseburg-Oppau GmbH, Argon, 4, 104, 245 175 Arlington Experimental Farms, Virginia, 182 Ammonia, oxidation of, 82, 120–124, 134, Armistice (1918), 21, 245, 362, 383 152–154, 182, 186, 193 Armstrong, Henry Edward, 40 Ammonia Soda Company, 142 Armstrong Whitworth (company), 201 Ammonia-soda process, 29, 40, 275 Aromatic amines, 31 Ammonium AG, 291 Arrhenius, Svante, 99, 363 Ammonium carbonate, 43 Artificial silk (viscose), 215 Ammonium chloride, 29 Ås agricultural college, 24, 57 Ammonium nitrate, 61, 140–142, 154, 155, Ascoli Piceno, Italy, 75 165, 166, 172, 183, 288–290, 357, 368, ASED. See Socie´te´ Anonyme Ammoniaque 374, 376 Synthe´tique et De´rive´s Ammonium nitrate (Nitram) fertilizer, 357 Ashton-under-Lyne, UK, 143 Ammonium phosphates, 47, 82, 288, 292, 314 Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ltd, 143 Ammonium sulphate, 5, 7, 15, 20, 27, 29, 39, Association of German Engineers (Verein 41–42, 47, 116, 124, 131, 134, 154, 165, Deutscher Ingenieure), 14 177, 226, 227, 288–290, 295, 307, 340, Atacama Desert, 25, 26 342, 357, 363, 368, 383 Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation, 203–205, export to Japan, 42, 44–45, 201 209, 274 from calcium cyanamide, 84 Atmospheric Products Company, 51 from coal gas works, 71 Auer-Gesellschaft, 105, 106, 138 from coke ovens, 83 Auer-Oslight, 105 from peat, 86 Aufschla¨ger, Gustav, 131 from synthetic ammonia, 84 Aurora Borealis, 52 Index 389 Aussig, Austrian Empire/Czechoslovakia, 286, Bayer (company), 62, 63, 94, 124, 144, 153, 288 163 Aussiger Verein, 286, 287. See also Bayer & Co. (Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedrich Spolchemie Bayer). See Bayer Austro-Hungarian Empire, 281, 286 Bayerische Kraftwerke AG, 175, 358 Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, 145, 288 Bayerische Stickstoff-Werke AG, 78, 82, 86, Autarky, 283, 286, 303, 350, 374, 375 123, 152, 226, 289, 313, 358, 373, 374 Avonmouth, UK, 1, 356 Bean cake, 44, 83, 332 Awdrey, Richard, 78 Beck, Christoph, 152 Azo dyes, 57 Becker, J., 214 Beet sugar, 11, 13, 14, 18, 71 Belle, USA, 275 B Bellegarde, France, 155 Badin, Adrien, 32 Benjamin Franklin Centenary, 365 Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik. See BASF Bennecke, Hecker & Co., 13 Baeyer, Adolf, 94 Benton, Arthur T., 272 Baker, Newton D., 179 Benzene, 31, 141, 144, 145 Baku, petroleum and natural gas, 145, 259, 325 Berezniki, USSR, 317 Balfour, Beatty & Co., 249 Berezniki-Solikamsk, chemical combine, 317 Bamag (company), 15, 87, 115, 123, 154, 165, Berg, Eysten, 181 209, 218, 247, 254 Bergius process (coal hydrogenation), 251, Bamag-Meguin, 218 305, 349–350, 375 Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (Paribas), 58 Bergius, Friedrich, 303, 349, 366 Barium carbide, 69 Bergstrom, Eric M., 249 Barium carbonate, 34 Beringer & Sohne,€ A., 69 Barium cyanide, 34, 69, 95 Berl, Ernst, 145 Barium oxide, 95 Berlin-Anhaltische Maschinenbau AG; Barrett Division, Allied Chemical, 298 Bamag. See Bamag Barton, Alfred Ernst, 75, 77 Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, 153 Barytes, 95 Bernigaud, Louis Marie Hilaire (Comte de BASF, 20, 21, 33, 43, 63–65, 67, 68, 86, 93–95, Chardonnet), 31 98, 101, 102, 105–119, 131, 133–136, Bernthsen, August, 102, 106, 109 138, 152, 154, 166, 171, 179, 184, 186, Berthelot, Marcellin, 100 194, 196, 204–207, 209, 211, 226, 238, BET theory, 272 241, 246–247, 251, 253, 259, 307, 329, Be´thune, France, 246 330, 335, 347, 348, 350, 355, 358, 365, Billingham, 6, 42–43, 194–196, 198, 200, 201, 371, 372, 379, 380, 383, 384 203, 209–211, 213–216, 219, 261, 276, Acid Department, 110 301, 302, 307, 348, 350, 356, 366, 373, Ammonia Laboratory, 116, 165, 303, 347 375, 383 Central Research Laboratory, 94, 102 Billingham Division (ICI), 302 Indigo Department, 95 Billingham Synthonia Cricket Club, 213 laboratory, Kristiansand, 65, 78 Billingham Synthonia Football Club, 213 Nitrogen Department (Stickstoffabteilung), Billingham: the First Ten Years (Parke), 198 116 Bindschedler & Busch, 95 nitrogen patents, 33, 111, 113, 268–271 Biological nitrogen fixation, 385 water gas process, for hydrogen, 165, 247. Birkeland-Eyde process (electric arc), 33, 52– See also Haber-Bosch process 62, 65, 67, 134, 155, 241, 301, 304, 358, Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, 259 373 “Battaglia del Grano”, 283 Birkeland, Kristian Olaf Bernhard, 4, 52–53, Battle of the Falkland Islands, 132 57–59, 62, 88–89, 102, 372, 373 Bauxite (Alumina, Aluminium oxide), 32 Bischoff, Karol A., 51 Bavarian government, 67, 171 Bitterfeld, Germany, 49, 50, 137 Bavarian Interior Ministry, 171 Bitterfeld to Dessau railway, 137 390 Index Bjølveffosen power company, 78 “British Mission Appointed to Visit Enemy Blasting powder, 26 Chemical Factories in the Occupied Blumen powder works, 288 Zone Engaged in the Production of Bobroki (Stalinogorsk), USSR, 317 Munitions of War” (Hartley report), 160 Bochum, Germany, 42 British Osram Company Ltd, 138 Bodenstein, Max, 102, 192, 349 British Oxygen Company, 306 Boer War, 70 British Sulphate of Ammonia Association, 42 Bonpland, Aime´,23 British Sulphate of Ammonia Committee, 42 Borax Company, 183 British Sulphate of Ammonia Federation Ltd, Borde`res-Louron, France, 155 42, 296 Borneo petroleum spirit, 143 British Westinghouse Company, 200 Børresen, Urban Jacob Rasmus, 57, 58 Bromberg, German Empire, 87 Borsig, A. (company), 318 Bromine, 14 Bosch, Carl, 33, 95, 106, 109–114, 116, 131– Brotherhood, Ltd, Peter, 208, 373 132, 134, 136, 152, 165, 199, 251, 260, Brown, Charles O., 215, 252, 265, 275, 302, 295, 301, 303, 306, 307, 330, 347, 350, 316, 317, 347 361, 366–368, 371, 372, 374 Brown coal. See Lignite Bosch, Robert, 95 Brown Firth Research Laboratories, 260 Bosch-Wild process (shift reaction), 165 Brown University, 180 Bosnia, 50, 292 Brühl, Germany, 87 Bosnische Elektrizita¨ts A-G; Elektrobosna Brunauer, Stephen, 272 (Consortium für elektrochemische Brunck, Heinrich, von, 58, 63, 67, 106, 110 Industrie GmbH), 50, 292 Brunner, John Tomlinson, 29, 198 Bouchayer, H., 249 Brunner,