Evoluci Cromos爅ica En Mam璗ers

Evoluci Cromos爅ica En Mam璗ers

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email protected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email protected]!*$'5%)*!1)!#)$,:1,.#)*!(#!$#&#*,/,')2!#)! *-)(#.! #)! %:1#2*#2! IGJ2! ,! 1)%! /'Q+'/%+,*8%/,=! %.5! /#$*2! #+#.#)*2! .;5,+2! '! *$%)2&'),5+#2!DSSSTQ8$&'H>!S!.42!%!.42C!@#.!#2*1(,%*!#+!&%&#$!(#+!/')2*$#)U,.#)*! 2#+#/*,1! 2'5$#! #+! .%)*#),.#)*! (#! +#2! $#3,')2! /')2#$0%(#2! ,! @#.! 0,2*! :1#! /#$*#2! $#'$3%),*8%/,')2!/$'.'2;.,:1#2!)'!#2!*$'5#)!#)!+%!)%*1$%!A%!:1#!(,2$1&/,')2!#)!+#2! $#3,')2! %9#/*%(#2! &$'0'/%$,#)! /%)0,2! (<#7&$#22,=! 36),/%! &'22,5+#.#)*! +#*%+2! &#$! +%! &$'36),#>! V,)%+.#)*C! @#.! #2*1(,%*! #+! &%&#$! (#! +#2! $#'$3%),*8%/,')2! /$'.'2;.,:1#2! #)! #+! &$'/42! (<#2&#/,%/,=C! ')! @#.! &'2%*! (#! .%),9#2*! :1#! $#3,')2! 3#);.,:1#2! ,.&+,/%(#2!#)!,)0#$2,')2!2=)!$#3,')2!(#!5%,7%!$#/'.5,)%/,=!#)!$#+%/,=!%!+#2!$#3,')2!)'! $#'$3%),*8%(#2!,!&#$!*%)*!&'($,#)!(')%$!++'/!%!1)!&$'/42!(<%M++%.#)*!$#&$'(1/*,1!&#$! +<%/W.1+!(<,)/'.&%*,5,+,*%*2!3#)6*,:1#2!#)!#+2!@B5$,(2>!"#$!&'(#$!#7&+,/%$!+#2!)'2*$#2! '52#$0%/,')2!@#.!&$'&'2%*!1)!.'(#+!')!+%!&$#26)/,%!(<@#*#$'/%$,'*,&2!9+'*%)*2!#)!#+! )'(#!(<#2&#/,%/,=!&$'0'/%$,%!1)%!21&$#22,=!(#!$#/'.5,)%/,=!#)!+#2!$#3,')2!,)0#$*,(#2! #)/%$%!'52#$0%5+#!#)!+#2!#2&6/,#2!%/*1%+2>!! ! !"##$%&' ! "#$! %&'()! *+! &#$! ,$-*.$! */,0-120&1*-! 0%! 3$44! 0%! #*3! 5#/*.*%*.04! /$*/,0-120&1*-%!0/$!1-6*46$(!1-!%7$510&1*-!0-(!0(07&0&1*-!7/*5$%%$%!0/$!&#$!8$)!7*1-&%! &*! 9$&&$/! '-($/%&0-(! &#$! $6*4'&1*-0/)! ()-0.15%! *+! 6$/&$9/0&$! ,$-*.$%! 0-(! &#$1/! 1-&$/:! 0-(! 1-&/0:%7$51+15! 7#)4*,$-$&15! /$40&1*-%#17%;! <-! &#1%! &#$%1%! 3$! ($%5/19$(! &#$! 0-5$%&/04!80/)*&)7$!+*/!.0..04%=!0.-1*&$%!0-(!&$&/07*(%!1-!*/($/!&*!($&$/.1-$!&#$! #*.*4*,*'%!%)-&$-)!94*58%!>?@A%B!0-(!$6*4'&1*-0/)!9/$087*1-&!/$,1*-%!>CAD%B!1-!&#$! #'.0-!,$-*.$;!!E%1-,!&#$!5#158$-!0-(!+/*,!,$-*.$%!0%!*'&,/*'7%=!3$!3$/$!094$!&*! 1.7/*6$(!7/$61*'%4)!($%5/19$(!0-5$%&/04!80/)*&)7$%!+*/!&$&/07*(%!0-(!0.-1*&$%!0-(! 3$!($+1-$(!-$3!%)-&$-15!0%%*510&1*-%!0%!0-!0.-1*&$!*/!.0..04!%)-07*.*/7#1$%;!F$! 04%*!0-04)%$(!&#$!(1%&/19'&1*-!*+!CAD%!1-!&#$!#'.0-!,$-*.$=!%#*31-,!&#0&!CAD%!0/$! -*&! /0-(*.4)! (1%&/19'&$(! 0-(! GHI! 0/$! /$'%$(! ('/1-,! &#$! $6*4'&1*-0/)! 7$/1*(;! "#$! (1%&/19'&1*-!*+!CAD%!1%!/$40&$(!&*!&#$!09'-(0-5$!*+!/$7$&1&16$!%$J'$-5$%=!$K#191&1-,!0-! $-/15#.$-&!*+!%7$51+15!&0-($.!/$7$0&%!1-!CAD%!0-(!5*:4*504121-,!31&#!.*914$!$4$.$-&%! >LLL":!"#B;!M'/&#$/.*/$=!3$!%&'(1$(!&#$!%$4$5&16$!5*-%&/01-!*-!&#$!.01-&$-0-5$!*+! 5*-%$/6$(!/$,1*-%;!F$!*9%$/6$(!&#0&!5$/&01-!/$*/,0-120&1*-%!0/$!-*&!+*'-(!1-!-0&'/04! 7*7'40&1*-%!9$50'%$!(1%/'7&1*-%!*+!&#$!/$,1*-%!1-6*46$(!1-!/$*/,0-120&1*-%!3*'4(!4$0(! &*!5#0-,$%!1-!,$-$!$K7/$%%1*-!7/*9094)!4$&#04!+*/!&#$!7/*,$-);!M1-044)=!3$!%&'(1$(!&#$! /$40&1*-! 9$&3$$-! 5#/*.*%*.04! /$*/,0-120&1*-%! 0-(! %7$510&1*-;! F$! %#*3$(! &#0&! /$,1*-%!0++$5&$(!9)!/$*/,0-120&1*-%!#06$!4*3$/!/$5*.91-0&1*-!/0&$%!&#0-!/$,1*-%!-*&! /$0//0-,$(=!&#'%=!0-!1-5/$0%$!*+!,$-15!1-5*.70&19141&1$%!1-!&#$%$!/$,1*-%!5*'4(!4$0(!&*! /$7/*('5&16$!1%*40&1*-!9)!&#$!$K1%&$-5$!*+!0!90//1$/!*+!,$-!+4*3;!<-!*/($/!&*!$K7401-!*'/! *9%$/60&1*-%!3$!7/*7*%$(!&#$!+4*0&1-,!#$&$/*80/)*&)7$%!.*($4=!3#$/$!&#$!7/$%$-5$! *+! #$&$/*80/)*&)7$%! 1-! &#$! %7$510&1*-! -*($! /$%'4&$(! *-! 0! %'77/$%%1*-! *+! /$5*.91-0&1*-!1-!&#$!/$0//0-,$(!/$,1*-%=!3#15#!1%!%&144!($&$5&$(!*-!&#$!$K&0-&!%7$51$%;!! ! !"#$%&'() !"#) ) *+,-./0+1)+/-020,0+1),3/454645.) #$) ) "/466)47./) %&'( ( 849:1.);4110<+=)>9?,-04?) )*!) ) 849:1.)(-/+?<)*/.+@) +!,) ) A7419-04?+/=):/.+@B40?-)/.C04?) -.*&) ) D194/.6,.?-)!"#$!%&)3=:/0<0E+-04?) /,.00) ) F.?45.)/.+//+?C.5.?-6)0?)5+?)+?<)5496.) &123456)!,.-01+,0G)<.)1+)1060?+)HI)<.)1J306-4?+)K) &127891) L/05.-01+,0G)<.)1+)1060?+)M)<.)1J306-4?+)K) &12:56) ) !,.-01+,0G)<.)1+)1060?+)N)<.)1J306-4?+)K) &;<#) ) ;0C3O-3/49C3B9-),3/454645.),+B-9/.),4?24/5+-04?) &*!) ) ;45414C496)6=?-.?=):14,@) ;=>9?#",) "4?-0C9496)+?,.6-/+1)/.C04?) 2@A( ( P014)B+/.116)<.):+6.6) B#,) ) Q4R),4B=)/.B.+-) B.C+) ) Q4?C)0?-./6B.+/6.<)/.B.+-) BD,) ) Q4?C)-./50?+1)/.B.+-) 05) ) '0104?6)<J+?=6) 0/,) ) '91-0B1.)C.?45.)/.+//+?C.5.?-) 0@A( ( '.C+)B+/.116)<.):+6.6) C"&,) ) %4?O+11.10,)345414C496)/.,45:0?+-04?) C/*) ) %.S-)C.?./+-04?)6.T9.?,0?C) E"2) ) U1+,.?-+1)+?,.6-/+1)@+/=4-=B.) @A( ( U+/.11)<.):+6.6) ,/#) ) #+/.)C.?450,),3+?C.) *)) ) (.C5.?-+1)<9B10,+-04?) *.C+) ) (34/-)0?-./6B./6.<)/.B.+-) D-!0) ) L9/?47./)2/+C01.):/.+@+C.)54<.1) FCD,) ) V+/0+:1.)?95:./)-+?<.5)/.B.+-) ) ! ! "#$%"&'()*+(!,%!'%-!%-./&0%-! ! ! &()('1! ("2'/-! ''()3! "#$"%&''(! "#$"%&''(! !"#$%&#'()*+,-.(-/&#' ")*&%&"!)('&+"#&"! ),"!)-.&#+! 0.)("'.(/+#/.("1.#' /"/.0! /"/((1! 2"%.)'3","45$"#' *"2"''! 3(#),! 67&&#'-"8"11&#' *4#2('!$.1+5"*! 61%&"1!$.1+5"17! 9&(/."-&#',&(/:";' %&"$"1+!$"1%"#0! 8,/#"9&1*3! <"+(.)%$=."'=&//"/"' ,',9"1+! ,',:3"1+! >)?)4)(/"'"@5.-"("' ,#&;(!'&'"! :.#:',!),"!.#*3&1! A/5)(=$1)-+(/5)/&#'%&5%&5"/&#' ,)+.#&<!#.)! #.))&"1!)+.#=,(1! B-.#%+(#+5'=&+4+1(#/"+4/..' ="''! *3&*7,1! C"11&#'="11&#' ="+! *"+! D+1.#'-"/&#' =()! %(=! 0"(.#'@",.1."5.#' =#"1(+"! 9#(=! E+()%&#'/5)%.-"1.#' 3.$>! 3.$"1! F),)'#"%.+(#' $"*"*(! $"*"-.,! 9"-"-"',&1"//"' $"1"+0! $"1"+,,! <5.-3+-3&#'#%G' $,%"7"! $,%"7"! H5$I."#'1"/.%+#' $.)"#"1?"!*($.1"! *($$(1!)3#,@! A)5+?'"5"(+&#' (:A)).$B)"#&="! (:()).$! 9)()4+1%3.#'4),+#/.-"' (#"1=.+"1! (#"1=.+"1! 2)(=)'%$=,"+&#' (#1&+(#&1*! :'"+?:.)! H5(./3)53$(-3&#'"("/.(&#' :,&C!='(/.)! :.99,#9&)3! <+/5")4)('(.=5.*.5.4+#' :,&C!='(/.)! 9.=.! <";.@&=&'5&85.%+#' :,&C!8,/#"! 8,/#"9&)3! !"(.)'5+5.)' :(#*! :&=! A&#'#-5)@@"' #"+"! #"+! J"//&#'()5*+=.-&#' #"+('0! $(.),! 9&#',&#-&1&#' #"+('0!D&+7"! D&+7"!%,,#!$(.),! 2+5),&#-&#'#./;+(#.#' +,1#,*! +,1#,*! 6-3.()%#'/+1@".(' 2"*"! *"++',! K)#'/"&5&#' C&$:"184! *3&$:"18,,! 2"('/5)=1)4$/+#' ! !"#$%& ! '&(")*+#,--(.& & & & & & & & & '& '/'&(")*+#,--(.&0&10&2$"34(-0&-+450*0)(60! ! ! ! "! #$#$#!%&'!()(*+,-'! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "! #$#$.!/0-123()4315'!(,6171&893:;,'!)!&<,'6;73!7,!&,'!-,1-9)536=)4315'! 4-1(1'8(3:;,'! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >! #$#$.$#!?3619,5@634)!41(0)-)63A)!! ! ! ! ! B! #$#$.$.!C)0)69,!9@534! ! ! ! ! ! ! D! #$#$.$"!%'6;73'!E3135+1-(F634'!1!!"#$!%!&'! ! ! ! ! G! '/7&-0*(+)(58&0"-$8)*018! ! ! ! ! ! ! ##! #$.$#!%'6)E&3(,56!7,!4)-31630'!)54,'6-)&'! ! ! ! ! ##! '/9&5,")8&#$&)*$"-04$")&$6+1,)(,8! ! ! ! ! #>! #$"$#!C17,&'!7,!73'6-3E;43H!7,!&,'!-,9315'!,A1&;63A,'! ! ! ! #D! #$"$.!I)461-'!:;,!7,6,-(35,5!&)!73'6-3E;43H!7,&'!0;56'!7,!6-,54)(,56! ,A1&;63;'! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! #J! #$"$.$#!I)461-'!7,0,57,56'!7,!&)!',:K@543)!7,&!LM/N!O,'!',:K@543,'! -,0,6363A,'! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! .P! #$"$.$.!I)461-'!357,0,57,56'!7,!&)!',:K@543)!7,&!LM/N! Q,41(E35)43H!(,38634)!3!',&,443H! ! .>! 7&+:;$-)(,8& ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "#! 9&*$8,1)0)8& ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ">! "$#!R-,E)&&!#N!('%)&*%+,#&-.'/)").!&#+"0#/)"'1!&#!"$!/2.$#!".'#&2,'1'$'1+%# )3'%*.!'"! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "D! "$.!R-,E)&&!.N!4$$)$$!"/#.2)#,'%)#'5#.+"0)1#,)6)+.$#!"#$2+6!"/#.2)# /)"'1!&#+,&2!.)&.*,)#'5#/,)+.#+6)$# # 78# 9:9#R-,E)&&!"N#;)%)&.!'"#+/+!"$.#<'=),.$'"!+"#5*$!'"$#!"3'%3!"/# 2'*$)>))6!"/#/)")$#!"#.2)#?'*$)#1'*$)@#!".)/,+.!"/#0+.+#5,'1#/)")# )A6,)$$!'"#+,,+-$#+"0#&2,'1'$'1)#)3'%*.!'"# # B9# 9:7#R-,E)&&!SN#<)&'1=!"+.!'"#,+.)$#+"0#/)"'1!&#$2*55%!"/#!"#2*1+"#+"0# &2!16+"C))#D#+#")E#.E!$.#!"#&2,'1'$'1+%#$6)&!+.!'"#.2)',-# # F9# # !"#$%&'%%$(! ! "#$! !)*"&+,-./.&$("#0"10%"23&4$5'0%"0,-/.#0%"-0/"."160%2'#$" #0"10%"/0+/7.4$28.&$+4%"&/+,+%9,$5'0%! "#%! !):".;.4<+%"04"1."/0&+4%2/'&&$("#0"&./$+2$-%".4&0%2/.1%" #01%";0/20=/.2%! ! ""&! !)>"-'42%"#0"2/04&.,042"0;+1'2$'%?"&.'%0%"$" &+4%05@34&$0%"#0"1."%0;."#$%2/$='&$(! ""%! '(&("!)*+,-./!0*/+1+,/!234/.5!.+!4-67*-089-:!4/;<=!4/!.+!6/>?<=9-+!4/! @AB! "C#! '(&(C!D=7/*,/=-9!0*/+1+,/!234/.5!93=67*/=E-2/=7!F8=9-3=+.! "CC! '(&(&!)-G+9-:!4/!*/3*,+=-7H+9-3=6!9*3236I2->8/65!;+;/*!4/!.+! */9320-=+9-:!2/-I7-9+! "CJ! '(&('!K8-=!234/.!4/!4-67*-089-:!4/!LMN6!O6!.P+4/>8+7Q! ! ! "C$! A"&+4&1'%$+4%!

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    159 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us