ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 732 HARRIS STREET ULTIMO 2007 CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 732 HARRIS STREET ULTIMO 2007 A Project Funded by Spurbest pty Ltd CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 01 1. 1 The Project.............................................................................................................. 02 1.2 The Pre-Settlement Environment ........................................................................... 02 1.3 On the Fringe of Settlement. ................................................................................... 02 1.4 Ultimo Estate ........................................................................................................... 03 1.5 Samuel Blackman's House ..................................................................................... 03 1.6 The Lamb Inn .......................................................................................................... 03 1.7 859-869 George Street ........................................................................................... 04 1.8 857 George Street .................................................................................................. 04 1.9 851-855 George Street ........................................................................................... 04 1.10 849 George Street .................................................................................................. 05 1.11 730 Harris Street: Thomas Berwick and William Carey .......................................... 05 1.12 732 Harris Street: Robert B. Cropley and Sons ...................................................... 05 1.13 Goodwin's Building ................................................................................................. 05 2.0 THE WORK ............................................................................................................ 06 2.1 The Context ............................................................................................................ 07 2.2 The Study Area: Boundaries and Occupation ........................................................ 07 2.3 The Potential Archaeological Resources ................................................................ 09 2.4 Cultural Significance ............................................................................................... 09 2.5 Excavation Strategy ................................................................................................ 09 2.6 Objectives and Tasks: Research Design ................................................................ 10 2.7 Recording ................................................................................................................ 10 2.8 Artefacts .................................................................................................................. 11 2.8.1 Cataloguing ............................................................................................................. 11 2.8.2 Culling ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.8.3 Storage ................................................................................................................... 11 2.8.4 Photography ............................................................................... , ......................................... 11 2.9 Authorship, Client and Acknowledgements ............................................................ 12 2.10 Abbreviations Used in the Text.. ............................................................................. 12 3.0 THE PRE-SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPE ............................................................... 13 3.1 Topography ............................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Soils ........................................................................................................................ 15 3.3 The Stream ............................................................................................................. 15 3.4 The Pond ................................................................................................................ 16 3.5 Vegetation ................................. :............................................................................. 17 4.0 THE EDGE OF THE TOWN ................................................................................... 18 5.0 THE ULTIMO ESTATE ........................................................................................... 20 5.1 Development of the Estate ..................................................................................... 21 5.2 Changing the Topography ...................................................................................... 24 5.3 Unidentified Activity: The Garden? ......................................................................... 25 5.3.1 Excavation and Work Area ..................................................................................... 25 5.3.2 Huts and Yards ....................................................................................................... 26 5.4 The Smokehouse .................................................................................................... 27 5.4.1 Smokehouses in Australia ...................................................................................... 27 5.4.2 Smokehouse Technology ....................................................................................... 27 5.4.3 The Ultimo Estate Smokehouse ............................................................................. 28 Preparing the Site ................................................................................................... 29 The Firebox ............................................................................................................. 30 The Flue of Chimney .............................................................................................. 33 The Hut ................................................................................................................... 36 5.5 Demolition ............................................................................................................... 41 5.6 Parramatta Road Subdivision ................................................................................. 45 5.7 Dividing the Estate: Ultimo Emerges ...................................................................... 45 6.0 SAMUEL BLACKMAN'S HOUSE .......................................................................... 46 6.1 Samuel's House ...................................................................................................... 47 7.0 THE HOTEL ON THE CORNER ............................................................................ 49 7.1 The Lamb Inn .......................................................................................................... 50 7.2 The Turon Inn ......................................................................................................... 52 7.3 The Agincourt Hotel ................................................................................................ 52 8.0 859-869 GEORGE STREET ................................................................................... 53 8.1 867 -869 George Street ........................................................................................... 54 8.2 859-865 George Street ........................................................................................... 55 8.3 Redeveloping the Street Frontage .......................................................................... 56 9.0 857 GEORGE STREET .......................................................................................... 57 9.1 George Beaver ........................................................................................................ 58 9.2 Jacob Josephson .................................................................................................... 58 9.3 Christopher Flynn ................................................................................................... 59 9.4 Michael Daley ......................................................................................................... 60 9.5 William Dwyer ......................................................................................................... 60 Yards, Walls and Fences ........................................................................................ 61 Out-Building ............................................................................................................ 62 10.0 855-851 GEORGE STREET ................................................................................... 63 10.1 The Rest of the Story .............................................................................................. 64 10.2 Beaver to Josephson .............................................................................................. 64 10.3 Christopher Flynn ................................................................................................... 64 10.4 Michael Daley ......................................................................................................... 65 10.5 Thomas Smith ......................................................................................................... 65 10.6 James