LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 17:5 May 2017 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics) N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D. Renuga Devi, Ph.D. Soibam Rebika Devi, M.Sc., Ph.D. Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Language in India www.languageinindia.com is included in the UGC Approved List of Journals. Serial Number 49042 Contents Materials published in Language in India www.languageinindia.com are indexed in EBSCOHost database, MLA International Bibliography and the Directory of Periodicals, ProQuest (Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts) and Gale Research. The journal is included in the Cabell’s Directory, a leading directory in the USA. Articles published in Language in India are peer-reviewed by one or more members of the Board of Editors or an outside scholar who is a specialist in the related field. Since the dissertations are already reviewed by the University-appointed examiners, dissertations accepted for publication in Language in India are not reviewed again. Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 17:5 May 2017 Contents i PDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition www.CutePDF.com This is our 17th year of publication. All back issues of the journal are accessible through this link: http://languageinindia.com/backissues/2001.html Md Abu Nayeem Chain Reactions of Private Tutoring in English Language Learning at the SSC Level of Bangladeshi Students: Problems and Probable Solutions 1-16 G. Aruna, M.A, M.Phil. and Dr. V. Peruvalluthi The Theme of Alienation in Anita Desai’s Novel, Cry, the Peacock 17-23 Muhammad Nazmul Huda Azad, M.A. in TESOL (LMU, UK) Md. Maksud Ali, M.A. in TESOL (University of Essex, UK) Code-switching: An Ethnographic Case Study of Four British-Bangladeshi Bilinguals 24-35 S. Bharathi, Ph.D. Scholar Ecocritical Exploration in Vikram Seth’s Poem, The Elephant And The Tragopan 36-44 Dr. Divija Kumari, M.A. English, U.G.C. NET, Ph.D. Gordimer’s Once Upon a Time: A Tale of the Disastrous Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa 45-51 Dr. S. Chelliah, M.A. Ph.D. T. S. Eliot as a Social Critic - Bringing Some Order into the Modern Intellectual and Ideological Chaos with His Impact Felt in Religious Thought, Social Thought and Art: An Appraisal 52-61 Ikoyo-Eweto, Evarista Ofure. Ph.D., M.A., P.G.D.E., B.A. A Study of Esan Dialects 62-83 Moh. Hasbullah Isnaini The Effectiveness of Collaborative Work in Developing Students’ L2 Writing Achievement across Social Orientation 84-104 Yatmi Luikham, Ph.D. Research Scholar and Prof. Ch. Yashawanta Singh Language Borrowing in Hunphun-Tāngkhul 105-119 Naseer Ahmed Vocabulary Enhancement of Female ESL learners through Short Stories: A Rural/ Urban Perspective 120-132 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 17:5 May 2017 Contents ii Naushin Nazifa Islam, M.A. in ELT and Applied Linguistics A Study of the Pragmatic Language Impairments of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Masters Dissertation 133-212 Nidhiya Annie Jacob, M.A, M.Phil. and Mythreyi. V., B.A. English Visibility of Racism in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man 213-221 Dr. Rajendran Sankaravelayuthan & Dr. Anandkumar, M. Visual Onto-thesaurus for Tamil 222-278 Reza Omidvar, Doctoral Student in Linguistics and Dr. B. K. Ravindranath, Ph.D. Position of English in India: Three-way Categorization 279-288 Sadia Munir, M.A. English, M.Phil. English Candidate The Defence Mechanisms and the Core Issues of Dee in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use 289-295 Sakshi, M.Phil., Ph.D. Candidate and Subhash Chandra, M.Phil., Ph.D. Sanskrit taddhita and English Suffixes: A Primary Investigation 296-302 Sanjib Kr Biswas and Dr. Smriti Singh, M.A., Ph.D. Portrayal of Poverty and Corruption Ridden Postcolonial India in Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger 303-314 Selvi Bunce Economic Hardship and French Colonialism in Laos 315-323 Subhash Chandra, M.Phil., Ph.D. and Anju, Ph.D. Candidate Puranic Search: An Instant Search System for Puranas 324-329 Sukanto Roy, Ph.D. Candidate in Composition & TESOL English in Bangladesh: Resistance versus Utility 330-342 Vinu C James, Research Scholar and Sneha J Nair, B. A. English An Analysis of Social Institutions in Shaping the Worldview of Characters in Harper Lee’s TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD 343-352 NarguesMohammady The Most Efficient Unit of Translation in Works of Spirituality: A Case Study of the Works of Indian Intellectual, Dr. Jernail Singh Anand 353-372 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 17:5 May 2017 Contents iii =================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.comISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 17:5 May 2017 =============================================================== Chain Reactions of Private Tutoring in English Language Learning at the SSC Level of Bangladeshi Students: Problems and Probable Solutions Md Abu Nayeem, M.A. in TESOL ======================================================================= Abstract Private Tutoring in English Language Learning is a very common phenomenon among Bangladeshi learners at the SSC level. Many learners are very eager to receive private tutoring supports in ELT. Parents also depend upon private tutoring to cut good figures of the examinations of their children. Monthly paymentin private tutoring is on the increase day by day in Bangladesh. This study aims to examine the major reasons of private tutoring in English Language Learning at the SSC level of Bangladesh Education System. Moreover, it aims to investigate the problems of the learners why they are so weak in English. To carry out this project at Gazipur District in Bangladesh, 10 teachers (both schoolteachers and tutors), 20-25 students of SSC level and 15 parents were taken interview with a questionnaire process. Anobservation was done in the classroomto investigate where there was any weaknessin English teaching capability of the private tutors. The findings from the survey show that most of the SSC level students receive private tutoring support and they have a satisfactory mentality with English Language Learning process provided by the private tutors rather than school teachers. But in real sense, learners should not relyupon private tutor. Private tuition has both positive and negative aspects. Parents and learners should understand the necessity of private tutoring in English Language Learning and at the same timebe conscious of problematic aspects of private tutoring as well. Key words: ELT, Private Tutoring, Tutors, SSC Level Students, Parents and Teachers Introduction Private tutoring in academic subjects is defined as tutoring provided on a supplementary basis at the end of the school day, at weekends, or during vacations. It is paid for by fees and it Language in Indiawww.languageinindia.comISSN 1930-294017:5 May 2017 Md Abu Nayeem Chain Reactions of Private Tutoring in English Language Learning at the SSC Level of Bangladeshi Students: Problems and Probable Solutions 1 typically involves two individuals, a tutor (the teacher or the person who helps someone to learn) and a tutee (the person being taught). The tutor is more knowledgeable or expert than the tutee, and attempts to help the tutee learn, usually in an academic area. Age is not necessarily a factor in the tutoring relationship – the tutor and tutee may be the same age – as long as the tutor has greater knowledge or skill than the tutee. Traditionally, tutoring has involved one-to-one instruction, but some tutoring programs do involve a tutor and two or three tutees. Tutoring does not include extracurricular subjects such as sports and art lessons or family members on voluntary basis. (Bray, 2003, p.13) Private tutoring is a widespread phenomenon in many developing and developed countries around the globe. It is a byproduct and a characteristic of certain educational system which makes to establish a milieu for its prevailing system. This is the case in the educational system in Bangladesh, where private tutoring is on the increase across the country despite the government has taken some protesting stepsagainst it. Private tutoring does affect many subjects, like English, Mathematics, Accounting, and Science in the Bengali educational curriculum, though certain subjects take the lion’s share of attention of the SSC learners in Bangladesh. One of these subjects is English as a foreign language (EFL). This is due, for the major part, to the importance of this language in future studies or work opportunities in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, many SSC level learners have a strong motive towards private tutoring, they think that there is no alternative means without private tutoring. Guidance have also same motive like their children. Both parents and students think that private tutoring can bring for them a brilliant success in each examination. The current study wants to examine the issues of private tutoring in relation to the subject of English Language Learning, with a consideration of its reasons and impacts on Bangladeshi students’ learning motivation. To acquire the target, the study has taken interviews of 20 students as well as their parents to investigate what makes them adhere to private tutoring and what impacts it has on them and their learning. Language in Indiawww.languageinindia.comISSN 1930-294017:5 May 2017 Md Abu Nayeem Chain Reactions of Private Tutoring in English Language Learning at the SSC Level of Bangladeshi Students: Problems and Probable Solutions 2 The reasons as stated above, I would like to find out the“Impact of Private Tutoring on English Language Learning at the SSC Level of Bangladeshi Learners: Problems and Probable Solutions.” For this purpose, I didcarry out the tiny research projectin the English Language Home situated atmy local zone, Tongi under Gazipur district of Bangladesh with a view to investigating a new dimension of the 21st –century ELT at the SSC levelof Bangladesh Education System.