PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI THE MESSAGES REVEALED THROUGH THE WAY THE MAIN CHARACTERS FACE THE CONFLICTS IN DAVID HENRY HWANG’S FAMILY DEVOTIONS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters ANDRY GANI WIDJAJA Student Number: 06 4214 071 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2013 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI BBee PPoossiittiivvee && NNeevveerr GGiivvee UUpp!!!!!! ~~IImmmmoorrttaalliiffee WWhhyy SSoo SSeerriioouuss???? ~~JJookkeerr iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI FFoorr MMyy BBeelloovveedd PPaarreennttss,, MMyy LLoovveellyy SSiisstteerrss aanndd BBrrootthheerr,, aanndd YYoohhaanness NNaannaanngg SSuurryyoo PPrraayyooggaa iinn HHeeaavveenn v PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ and Mother Mary for blessing and guiding me in writing this undergraduate thesis. You will always be my guidance for now and forever. I would also like to thank Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum., my advisor, for her guidance, suggestions, and time during the writing of this undergraduate thesis, and to Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum., my co- advisor, for reading, correcting, and giving me essential inputs in order to make this undergraduate thesis better. And I would also like to thank all my lecturers in English Letters Department for fulfilling me with knowledges. My deepest gratitude goes to my Dad whose way of teaching me to be a strong man can make me who I am today. To my Mom, who always says my name in her prayers, your spirit makes me stronger. To my two beloved sisters, Lucy Gani and Linda V Budiman, I thank you for your unseen support that can push me to finish this undergraduate thesis as soon as possible. I love you all. Finally lots of gratitude go to all my friends in English Letters, especially Damay, Juleha, Lusi, Chatter Box Groups, and all my 2006 friends for their spirits to finish this undergraduate thesis, thank you from my deepest my heart. Andry Gani Widjaja vii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................ i APPROVAL PAGE ...................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ................................................................................. iii MOTTO PAGE ............................................................................................. iv DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................... v STATEMENT PAGE ................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... x ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ......................................................................... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ...................................................................... 5 D. Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ............................................... 8 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................. 8 B. Review of Related Theories .............................................................. 11 1. Theory on Character and Characterization ................................... 11 2. Theory of Conflict ......................................................................... 13 3. Theory of Message ........................................................................ 15 C. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 18 A. Object of the Study ............................................................................ 18 B. Approach of the Study ....................................................................... 20 C. Method of the Study .......................................................................... 21 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 25 A. The Characteristics of the Main Characters in Family Devotions ...... 25 1. The Characteristics of Ama ............................................................ 25 2. The Characteristics of Popo ........................................................... 29 3. The Characteristics of Di-Gou ........................................................ 31 B. The Conflicts Revealed in Ama, Popo, dan Di-Gou .......................... 38 1. The Main Characters External Conflict ......................................... 39 2. The Main Characters Internal Conflict .......................................... 46 C. The Messages as Revealed by the Main Characters and Conflicts .... 48 viii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .................................................................... 54 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 56 ix PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ABSTRACT ANDRY GANI WIDJAJA. The Messages Revealed through the Way the Main Characters Face the Conflicts in David Henry Hwang's Family Devotion. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2013. The object of this study is a drama by David Henry Hwang entitled Family Devotions. The drama was first published in 1989. The purposes of this study are first, explaining the main characters, Ama, Popo, and Di - Gou; second, explaining the conflicts revealed by Ama, Popo, and Di - Gou; and third, showing the messages as revealed by the main characters and their conflicts. This study applies the formalistic criticism as the approach to analyze this novel. This approach emphasizes literature that is seeing it from the intrinsic elements. This study analyzes the messages that can be taken from the intrinsic elements are the main characters and the conflicts. The dominant theory that was used in analyzing this study is theory of character and characterization, because by knowing the characteristics of the character, it will be easier to find out the conflicts and the message inside the story. The findings of the analysis are as follows. There are three main characters of the story written by David Henry Hwang. They are Ama, The Eldest, Popo, The Second, and Di – Gou, the youngest brother. Ama and Popo, Chinese women, who emigrated to Philiphines, then to America, and their little brother Di-Gou who is a resident of the People’s Republic of China. The extended families of Ama and Popo are waiting the arrival of Di-Gou whom they have not seen for thirty years. They really want to hear Di-Gou’s testimony and confession of miracles done by evangelist See-goh-poo. Unfortunately, when he arrives he disavows ever being Christian and it makes his sisters disapointed and furious. Hence, the conflict begins to appear in this family. Then, Di-Gou tells his sisters the truth about the evangelist See-goh-poo, but with a great shock, Ama and Popo finally collapse and die. By analyzing the drama, the writer can find some messages; first; everything that is too much is not good and second, fanaticism can bring a family downfall. x PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ABSTRAK ANDRY GANI WIDJAJA. The Messages Revealed through the Way the Main Characters Face the Conflicts in David Henry Hwang's Family Devotion. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2013. Objek dari studi ini adalah drama karya David Henry Hwang berjudul Family Devotion. Drama ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1989. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah pertama, menjelaskan karakter tokoh utama, Ama, Popo, dan Di- Gou; kedua, menjelaskan konflik-konflik yang ditampakkan dalam diri tokoh utama, dan; ketiga, menunjukkan pesan-pesan yang dinyatakan dari karakter dan konflik-konflik tokoh utama. Studi ini menerapkan kritik objektif sebagai pendekatan untuk menganalisa novel ini yang menekankan pada karya sastra itu sendiri, yaitu dari unsur-unsur intrinsik. Studi ini menganalisa pesan-pesan yang dapat diambil dari unsur-unsur intrinsik yaitu tokoh utama dan konflik-konflik. Teori yang dominan