The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan J-'l# VENUS Jour. Malac.) (Jap. '- Vol. 53. No. 2(1994): 119 127 Afi fo Fk (wtyE[El.kM : maHRM)diseis]-ra ･ -J- - ?iJt･ 7JWx>x Ftl 7v-tr F-isuV ij'x' l{, i$ ft fiJ (ptSlrkX-tc*) NewClassification of the Squid Family Mastigoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) Mario Alejandro SALcEDo-VARGAs and Takashi OKuTANI (Tokye University of Fisheries, 4-S-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokye 108) Abstract: The two genera with two subgenera each are recognized for the squid family Mastigoteuthidae. The genus imstigoteuthis contains two subgenera, Mastigoteuthis s. str. and Ebhinoteuthis. The genus ldioteuthis is here resurected, and it is divisible into two sub- genera, ldioteuthis s. str. and Mbgnoteuthis nov. The family Mastigoteuthidae was first established by Verrill (1881) and subsequently Chun (1910) placed it as a subfamily of the Chiroteuthidae including eight species. Roper et al. (1969) raised it again to the family by incorporating with the genus Ebhinoteuthis Joubin, 1993, which was based on three paralarvae of questionable taxenomical position. Nesis (1977) attempted a preliminary revision of the Mastigoteuthis and prepared a key to the species. In a recent work, he (l987) proposed two subgenera for this genus, namely, Mtzstigoteuthis s. str. and Mastigopsis Grimpe, 1922, but none for the genus Echinoteuthis that contained two species. Besides Mastigoteuthis s. str. and Mastigopsis he (1977, 1987) recognized the grimaldii-species group based on the structure and position of tentacular suckers. During an extensive and critical examination of the morphology of the 310 specimens collected from the Northwest Pacific, it became clear that the family Mastigoteuthidae is reasonably divisible into two genera, each contains two subgenera. For designating the genera five major characters are selected among 18 characters used for the more extensiye revision on Northwest Pacific fauna (Salcedo-Vargas, 1993) (Fig. 1). Five more eharacters lead to define the subgenera (Fig. 2). The discussion on detailed sucker morphology is referable to Salcedo-Vargas (in press). In Figs. 3-6 are shown the four sub- genera recognized for the family Mastigoteuthidae. 1. Genus Mastigoteuthis Verrill, 1881 See the definition of Mastigoteuthis s. str. below 1.1. Subgenus Mastigoteuthis s. str. 7)lpe species: Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881 * Presentaddress :Unidad Cuitlahuac edificio95-B-101, Mexico, D.F, CP025oo,AZCAPOTZALCO, MEXICO NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan 120 VENUS: Vot. 53, No.2(1994) Ditrgnosis: Body small to moderately large. The dorsal margin of the antero-dorsal lobe of the mantle is slightly produced to the funnel. Body covered by numerous white small photophores embedded in the integument, covered each one by small, dark chromatophores in the center. They are mainly concentrated in the ventral side of the body, especially apparent in the anterior end of the tail and posterior extremities of the fins in ventral and dorsal sides. Funnel cartilage ovate in outline with weakly developed tragus and low antitragus, forming a deeper cavity in posterior margin rather than the real antitTagus. Tentacle long and narrow, longer than mantle length, whip-shaped, not expanded in the center of the club, with suckers covering 60Celb of the club. In the proximal part of the club, at the beginning of the sucker rows, a group of suckers are separated from the rest "circular forming a pad"-like structure. Middle part suckers develop small cushions from the proxirnal margin of the inner ring. Photophore on the eye sinus very small. Included species: 1. Mastigoteuthis agassizii (Verrill, 1881) syn. ML grimaldii Joubin, 1895; M. dentata Hoyle, 1904; M. flammea Chun, 1910; Ml schmidti Degner, 192S. MssnGOITUTMS MIOITU7Hrs Bodyphobophores Ptaent Abeeat a --.= Sinusphotombore S.c: 9...-.HixN 1 " Pregent Ab-ent J-ny= Conusofgladius EilESit====:= = e emm Itrul '''' ' fF/ -pa) Olfactorypapilla Sttmandla-g Iboedandthet Armsudkers PentxbedTinge Smeothtu Fig. 1. Comparative table of the characters selected to separate two genera, Mitstigoteuthis and ldioteuthis. tsa)S>ma. NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan Salcedo-Vargas . Okutani :NewClassificationof Mastigoteuthidae 121 Mastigoteuthis Idtoteuthis Medigateuthis Echineteuthis ldiateuthis Magnoteuthis o t 'N'tY " Tbnta(mlar t suclcer ' - innerpegs and innarpegB rim alpmdyenhrged enlarged Ovabe pegu Palygonalpegs im sucker s Si(IilO Regulardentition Iimgu1ardmtitim SoftTing imthring ..l, Sldnt,iberdes '" i " A thnus 2liilg (ervss sectioni ?}s <!lii)> # O @ //r1,r?Lx1- JttNNi Furme- mantle ,tjilS (II,)s cartilages Fig. 2.Comparative table of the characters used in the definition of the four subgenera of the family Mastigoteuthidae. gua05}taflvadittwt. NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan 122 VENUS: Vol. 53, No.2(1994) Remarks: The weak development of the tragus, the relative small size of the eyes, the distinctive small size of the arm suckers from Arm IV are important characters to separate this subgenera from other taxa. Rancurel (1971) in the redescription of M, grimaldii emphasized that the presence of luminous organs in the body and the teethed suckers are not enough significant to separate species. He added other external and internal characters to his description in order to improve the unsufficient description by Joubin (1895). He suggested for the first time a possible synonymy of grimaldii with dentata and the two closely related species flammea and schmidti. In spite of this, Young (1972) decided that ML grimatdii can be a species dubia. Nesis (1977, 1987) defined the grimaldii-group in which he included the grimaldii. schmidti and dentata, and rvrodes being less related to them, based on the number and size of tentacular suckers. After the close examination of the type specimen of ML schmidti and the original descrip- tions and redescriptions of the members of the grimaldii-group, Salcedo-Vargas (1993) con- cluded that grimaldii, dentata, .fTammea and schmidti, are synonymous with agassizii. 1.2. Subgenus Ebhinoteuthis Joubin, 1933 II}{pe species: Echinoteuthis donae Joubin, 1933 (=fometica Berry, 1909) Diagnosis: Body medium to large. Funnel cartilage ovate to subtriangular in outline, tragus strongly developed and oriented into the cavity, antitragus moderately to strongly developed inside. Tentacle suckers become from two rows to gradually more than 12 up to the tip of the club. Tentacular suckers in middle part slightly enlarged, but not visible to naked-eye. The inner ring (==sucker disc) develop two or three elongated pegs oriented toward the cavity. Photophore on the eye sinus sometimes enlarged. Included species: 1. Mastigotheuthis .fametica Berry, 1909 syn. Echinoteuthis clanae Joubin, 1933; Mastigoteuthis psychrophita Nesis, 1977. 2. Mastigoteuthis gtaukopis Chun, 1910 syn. Mastigoteuthis iseiini MacDonald and Clench, 1934. 3. Mastigoteuthis atlantica Joubin, 1933 4. Mastigoteuthis nvrodes Young, 1972 5. Mastigoteuthis n. sp. Salcedo-Vargas, 1993 Remarks: This subgenu$ is separable from the Mastigoteuthis s. str. by the well excavated mid-line of the dorsal margin of the mantle, by the relatively bigger size of the eyes, and the presenee of enlarged, spherical photophores in surface of the mantle, head and arms. Though the fin size is variable, this species have leaf-like to rhomboid-like fins. The Echinoteuthis was established by Joubin (1933) as the second genus of this family. Joubin separated it from the genus Mastigoteuthis in tentacle morphology and possession of the so-called "spiny tubercles" that cover all the body. It has been considered as the valid taxon by Young (1972), Nesis (1977, 1987) and Sweeney et al. (1992). But, later, Young (1991) in the examination of some paralarvae from Hawaii synonymized it with Mastigoteuthis. NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan Salcedo-Vargas.Okutani: New Classification of Mastigoteuthidae 123 6 Fig.3-6.Subgenera of the Mastigoteuthidae. 3. Ventral view of the subgenus Mastigoteuthis. 135 mm DML, 4. Ventral view of the subgenus Ethinoteuthis. 255 mm DML. 5. Ventral view of the subgenus ldioteuthis, 318 mm DML. 6. Ventral view of the subgenus Mtrgnoteuthis. 105 mm DML. 4]iti.Kcr)t<ie{XI . NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan 124 VENUS: Vol. S3, No.2(1994) Taking Youngs' (1991) statements into consideration, it is concluded that the genus Eehinoteuthis is a subgenus of Mastigeteuthis, even though one of the three specimens of Joubin is of doubtful taxonomic position. The name danae is considered to be a synenym of ML .famelica. Joubin himself indicat- ed the ctose relationship to that species, Young also (1991) mentioned the close relationship with .fametica in his redefinition of the species from Hawaii. The morphology of the paralarval specimens from the Northwest Pacific agrees with their views. 2. Genus ldioteuthis Sasaki, 1916 See the definition of ldioteuthis s. str. below 2.1 Subgenus ldioteuthis s. str. 7)lpe species: ldioteuthis latipinna Sasaki, 1916 Diagnosis: Body moderate to very large. The dersal margin of the mantle clearly produced to the funnel. Body covered by hundreds of grey and dark, very small chromatophores. Funnel cartilage oyate in outline, with moderately developed tragus and antitragus. Tentacle leng, whip-shaped,