Natural Resources Wales permitting decisions Biomass UK No.2 Limited Barry Energy Production Facility Decision Document Decision Document EPR/AB3790ZB Issued 07/02/18 Page 1 of 170 Contents Glossary of acronyms used in this document ............................................................. 5 1. Our decision ........................................................................................................... 8 2. How we reached our draft decision ........................................................................ 8 2.1 Receipt of Application ................................................................................... 8 2.2 Consultation on the Application ..................................................................... 9 2.3 Requests for further information .................................................................. 11 3. The Legal Framework .......................................................................................... 12 4. The Installation ..................................................................................................... 13 4.1 Description of the Installation and related issues ............................................ 13 4.1.1 The permitted activities ............................................................................ 13 4.1.2 The site .................................................................................................... 14 4.1.3 What the Installation does ........................................................................ 16 4.1.4 Process Flow Diagram ............................................................................. 18 4.1.5 Key Issues in the Determination ............................................................... 19 4.2 The Site and its protection .............................................................................. 19 4.2.1 Site setting, layout and history ................................................................. 19 4.2.2 Proposed site design: potentially polluting substances and prevention measures .......................................................................................................... 19 4.2.3 Closure and decommissioning ................................................................. 22 4.3 Operation of the Installation – General Issues ................................................ 23 4.3.1 Administrative Issues ............................................................................... 23 4.3.2 Relevant convictions ................................................................................ 23 4.3.3 Management ............................................................................................ 23 4.3.4 Site Security ............................................................................................. 24 4.3.5 Accident Management ............................................................................. 24 4.3.6 Off-site conditions .................................................................................... 24 4.3.7 Operating Techniques .............................................................................. 25 4.3.8 Energy Efficiency ..................................................................................... 26 (i) Consideration of energy efficiency ................................................................ 26 4.3.9 Efficient use of raw materials ................................................................... 31 4.3.10 Avoidance, recovery or disposal with minimal environmental impact of wastes produced by the activities...................................................................... 32 4.3.11 Fire Prevention Plan ............................................................................... 33 4.3.12 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modelling .................................... 43 5. Environmental Risk Assessment .......................................................................... 44 Minimising the Installations environmental impact ................................................ 44 Decision Document EPR/AB3790ZB Issued 07/02/18 Page 2 of 170 5.1 Assessment Methodology ........................................................................... 44 5.1.1 Application of Environment Agency H1 Guidance .................................... 44 5.1.2 Use of Air Dispersion Modelling ............................................................... 45 5.2 Assessment of Impact on Air Quality .............................................................. 48 5.2.1 Consideration of Key Air Pollutants .......................................................... 52 5.2.2 Assessment of emissions of metals ......................................................... 57 5.2.3 Consideration of Local Factors ................................................................. 62 5.3 Human Health Risk Assessment .................................................................... 62 5.3.1 Our role in preventing harm to human health ........................................... 62 5.3.2 Particulates smaller than 2.5 microns ...................................................... 69 5.3.3 Assessment of Health Effects from the Installation .................................. 71 5.4 Biodiversity, Heritage, Landscape and Nature Conservation .......................... 72 5.4.1 Sites Considered ...................................................................................... 72 5.4.2 Habitats Assessment ............................................................................... 74 5.4.3 Non – Statutory sites ................................................................................ 76 5.4.4 Impact of Abnormal Operations ................................................................ 79 6. Application of the Best Available Techniques ....................................................... 81 6.1 Scope of consideration ................................................................................... 81 6.1.1 Consideration of Furnace Type ................................................................ 82 6.1.2 Boiler Design ............................................................................................ 89 6.2 BAT and emissions control ............................................................................. 90 6.2.1 Particulate Matter ..................................................................................... 91 6.2.2 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).......................................................................... 92 6.2.3 Acid Gases, SOx, HCl and HF .................................................................. 95 6.2.4 Carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ..................... 98 6.2.5 Dioxins and Furans (& Other POPs) ........................................................ 98 6.2.6 Metals ...................................................................................................... 99 6.3 BAT and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) ............................................ 100 6.4 BAT and global warming potential ................................................................ 104 6.5 Efficient Use of Raw Materials, Water and Energy ....................................... 106 6.6 Handling and Storage of Air Pollution Control residue (APCr) and bottom ash ............................................................................................................................ 107 Bottom Ash ..................................................................................................... 107 APCr ................................................................................................................... 108 6.7 Other emissions to the Environment ............................................................. 108 6.7.1 Emissions to Surface Water ................................................................... 108 6.7.2 Emissions to Sewer ................................................................................ 109 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Issued 07/02/18 Page 3 of 170 6.7.3 Fugitive emissions .................................................................................. 110 6.7.4 Odour ..................................................................................................... 111 6.7.5 Noise ...................................................................................................... 111 6.8 Setting ELV’s and other permit conditions .................................................... 116 6.8.1 Translating BAT into permit conditions ................................................... 116 6.9 Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 119 6.9.1 Monitoring during normal operations ...................................................... 119 6.9.2 Monitoring under abnormal operations arising from the failure of the installed CEMs .............................................................................................................. 119 6.9.3 Continuous emissions monitoring for dioxins and heavy metals ............ 120 6.10 Reporting .................................................................................................... 122 7. Other Legal Requirements ................................................................................. 122 ANNEX 1: Application of Chapter IV of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) ... 130 ANNEX 2: Pre-Operational Conditions ..................................................................