SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT TACKLING THE SCHOOL RUN RESEARCH STUDY CHILDREN, EDUCATION AND SKILLS social research SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT TACKLING THE SCHOOL RUN RESEARCH STUDY FINAL REPORT OCTOBER 2016 SYSTRA, WELLSIDE RESEARCH AND SUSTRANS Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................. i Introduction ............................................................................................................. i Context ................................................................................................................... i School Travel Trends .......................................................................................... i Policy ..................................................................................................................ii Factors Influencing School Travel ..................................................................... iii School Travel Initiatives in Scotland .................................................................. iii Key Findings ........................................................................................................iv Recommendations ................................................................................................. v Cross-Departmental ........................................................................................... v Transport ........................................................................................................... v Education ...........................................................................................................vi Planning ............................................................................................................ vii Health and Well-Being ..................................................................................... viii Environment ..................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1 - Background .......................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................. 1 Research Phases and Methodology ...................................................................... 2 Literature Review ............................................................................................... 2 Fieldwork ........................................................................................................... 3 Report Structure .................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 - Policy Context ...................................................................................... 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 School Travel Trends ............................................................................................. 6 Scotland ............................................................................................................. 6 Scotland in Context .......................................................................................... 11 Policy ................................................................................................................... 12 Transport Policy ............................................................................................... 12 Education Policy .............................................................................................. 13 Environmental Policy ....................................................................................... 14 Health Policy .................................................................................................... 14 Planning Policy ................................................................................................ 15 Summary ............................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 3 – Factors Influencing School Travel Choices ................................... 18 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 18 School Catchment ............................................................................................... 18 School Transport ................................................................................................. 19 Built Environment ................................................................................................. 20 Pupil Attitudes ...................................................................................................... 21 Parental Influences .............................................................................................. 21 Household Car Ownership .................................................................................. 22 Summary ............................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 4 - Scottish School Travel Initiatives .................................................... 23 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 23 School Travel Plans ............................................................................................. 23 Training ................................................................................................................ 24 Behaviour Change ............................................................................................... 27 School Recognition Awards ................................................................................. 35 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 37 Programmes ........................................................................................................ 40 Curriculum and Wider Programme Linkages ....................................................... 42 Effectiveness of Scottish Initiatives ..................................................................... 43 Summary ............................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 5 - Scottish School Travel Initiative Delivery ....................................... 45 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 45 Travel Patterns .................................................................................................... 45 Mode of Travel ................................................................................................. 45 Travel Time ...................................................................................................... 48 Travel Choices ................................................................................................. 48 School Travel Initiatives ....................................................................................... 49 School Travel Plans ............................................................................................. 53 Sustaining Behaviour Change ............................................................................. 55 Summary ............................................................................................................. 56 Chapter 6 - Infrastructure and Planning .............................................................. 58 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 58 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 58 Bike/Scooter Parking ....................................................................................... 58 Vehicular Parking/Drop-off ............................................................................... 59 Infrastructure Across the Wider Community .................................................... 64 Planning ............................................................................................................... 66 Planning for Schools ........................................................................................ 66 Summary ............................................................................................................. 67 Chapter 7 - Success Factors and Challenges ..................................................... 68 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 68 School Level Engagement ................................................................................... 68 Incentives, Competition and Reward ................................................................... 69 Flexibility of Initiatives .......................................................................................... 70 Pupil Acceptance and Engagement .................................................................... 70 Peer to Peer Engagement ................................................................................... 71 Inter-Initiative Linkages .......................................................................................