THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 16, 2003 Serial No. 108–29 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/science U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 89–892PS WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:28 May 07, 2004 Jkt 089892 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\WORKD\FULL03\101603\89892 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE HON. SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York, Chairman LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas RALPH M. HALL, Texas CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania BART GORDON, Tennessee DANA ROHRABACHER, California JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois JOE BARTON, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas KEN CALVERT, California LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California NICK SMITH, Michigan NICK LAMPSON, Texas ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan MARK UDALL, Colorado GIL GUTKNECHT, Minnesota DAVID WU, Oregon GEORGE R. NETHERCUTT, JR., MICHAEL M. HONDA, California Washington CHRIS BELL, Texas FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma BRAD MILLER, North Carolina JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois LINCOLN DAVIS, Tennessee WAYNE T. GILCHREST, Maryland SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas W. TODD AKIN, Missouri ZOE LOFGREN, California TIMOTHY V. JOHNSON, Illinois BRAD SHERMAN, California MELISSA A. HART, Pennsylvania BRIAN BAIRD, Washington JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma DENNIS MOORE, Kansas J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York PHIL GINGREY, Georgia JIM MATHESON, Utah ROB BISHOP, Utah DENNIS A. CARDOZA, California MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas VACANCY JO BONNER, Alabama TOM FEENEY, Florida RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:28 May 07, 2004 Jkt 089892 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\FULL03\101603\89892 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 C O N T E N T S October 16, 2003 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Sherwood L. Boehlert, Chairman, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ........................................................ 12 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 13 Statement by Representative Ralph M. Hall, Minority Ranking Member, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ..................................... 13 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 14 Statement by Representative Bart Gordon, Minority Ranking Member, Sub- committee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 15 Prepared Statement by Representative Dana Rohrabacher, Chairman, Sub- committee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 15 Prepared Statement by Representative Nick Smith, Chairman, Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives .............. 16 Prepared Statement by Representative Jerry F. Costello, Member, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ........................................................ 17 Prepared Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Member, Com- mittee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................ 17 Prepared Statement by Representative Nick Lampson, Member, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ........................................................ 17 Prepared Statement by Representative Sheila Jackson Lee, Member, Com- mittee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................ 18 Witnesses: Dr. Michael D. Griffin, President and Chief Operating Officer, In-Q-Tel, Inc. Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 19 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 20 Biography .......................................................................................................... 26 Dr. Wesley T. Huntress, Jr., Director, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Insti- tution of Washington Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 26 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 28 Biography .......................................................................................................... 33 Dr. Matthew B. Koss, Assistant Professor of Physics, College of the Holy Cross Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 34 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 35 Biography .......................................................................................................... 44 Dr. Alex Roland, Professor of History, Duke University Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 44 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 46 Biography .......................................................................................................... 47 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:28 May 07, 2004 Jkt 089892 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\FULL03\101603\89892 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 IV Page Dr. Bruce Murray, Professor of Planetary Science and Geology Emeritus, California Institute of Technology Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 47 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 49 Biography .......................................................................................................... 51 Discussion Vision .................................................................................................................... 52 Priorities ............................................................................................................... 52 Support for Human Space Flight ........................................................................ 55 Goals ...................................................................................................................... 58 Lunar Exploration ................................................................................................ 59 China ..................................................................................................................... 61 Priorities and Funding ......................................................................................... 62 The Space Exploration Act .................................................................................. 64 Technical Challenges ........................................................................................... 65 Robotic Exploration .............................................................................................. 68 NASA Culture ...................................................................................................... 70 Effects of Zero-Gravity on Humans .................................................................... 70 Education .............................................................................................................. 73 Exploration ........................................................................................................... 75 Free-Flying Platforms .......................................................................................... 77 Space Station Science .......................................................................................... 78 Appendix 1: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Dr. Michael D. Griffin, President and Chief Operating Officer, In-Q-Tel, Inc. .. 84 Dr. Wesley T. Huntress, Jr., Director, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Insti- tution of Washington ........................................................................................... 89 Dr. Matthew B. Koss, Assistant Professor of Physics, College of the Holy Cross ...................................................................................................................... 91 Dr. Alex Roland, Professor of History, Duke University ...................................... 99 Dr. Bruce Murray, Professor of Planetary Science and Geology Emeritus, California Institue of Technology ........................................................................ 104 Appendix 2: Additional Material for the Record Stepping Into the Future, A Workshop in Memory of the Columbia 7 ............... 106 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:28 May 07, 2004 Jkt 089892 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\FULL03\101603\89892 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SPACE