Zootaxa 3594: 1–283 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B00799F3-F397-438C-B1E1-A8440E636921 ZOOTAXA 3594 Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) JURATE DE PRINS1 & AKITO Y. KAWAHARA2 1 Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 23 Oct. 2012; published: 20 Dec. 2012 JURATE DE PRINS & AKITO Y. KAWAHARA Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Zootaxa 3594) 283 pp.; 30 cm. 20 Dec. 2012 ISBN 978-1-77557-074-5 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-075-2 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3594 © 2012 Magnolia Press DE PRINS & KAWAHARA Table of contents Abstract . 5 Introduction . 6 Taxonomic history . 7 Lithocolletinae Stainton, 1854 . 9 Key to adults of lithocolletine genera . 9 Biology . 11 Host plants . 12 Distribution and diversity . 13 A brief history of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae studies . 16 Key to the genera of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae . 16 Checklist of the species of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae, with type localities . 16 Hostplant checklist . 18 Material and methods . 19 Taxon sampling and rearing . 19 Taxonomic material . 20 Species diagnoses and geographic boundaries . 21 Herbaria specimens . 21 Morphological dissections, illustrations, and imaging . 21 Molecular phylogenetic analysis . 22 Species limits and phylogenetic relationships . 22 Systematic account . 24 Hyloconis Kumata, 1963 . 24 1. Hyloconis luki De Prins, new species . 26 Neolithocolletis Kumata, 1963 . 28 Key to the species of the Afrotropical Neolithocolletis based on external characters . 31 Key to the species of the Afrotropical Neolithocolletis based on male genitalia . 31 Key to the species of the Afrotropical Neolithocolletis based on female genitalia . 31 2. Neolithocolletis mayumbe De Prins, new species . 31 3. Neolithocolletis nsengai De Prins, new species . 32 4. Neolithocolletis pentadesma (Meyrick, 1919) . 35 Cameraria Chapman, 1902 . 35 Key to the species groups of the Afrotropical Cameraria based on external characters . 39 Key to the species groups of the Afrotropical Cameraria based on male genitalia . 40 Key to the species groups of the Afrotropical Cameraria based on female genitalia . 40 The hexalobina group . 40 5. Cameraria hexalobina (Vári, 1961), n. comb. 40 The landryi group . 42 Key to the species of the landryi group based on external characters . 43 Key to the species of the landryi group based on male genitalia . 43 Key to the species of the landryi group based on female genitalia . 43 6. Cameraria fara De Prins, new species . 43 7. Cameraria landryi De Prins, new species . 44 8. Cameraria varii De Prins, new species . 46 The perodeaui group . ..