Application for Facility Permit Appendix F Triple H Wind Project Bat Activity Studies Triple H Wind Project Bat Activity Studies for the Triple H Wind Project Hughes and Hyde Counties, South Dakota Final Report May 26 – October 21, 2016 Prepared for: Triple H Wind Project, LLC 3760 State Street, Suite 200 Santa Barbara, California 93105 Prepared by: Brian Heath, Kristina Hammond, Donald Solick Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc. 415 West 17th Street, Suite 200 Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001 February 6, 2017 Draft Pre-Decisional Document - Privileged and Confidential - Not For Distribution Triple H Wind Project Bat Acoustic Survey EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In May 2016, Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc. initiated a bat acoustic survey for the proposed Triple H Wind Project (Project) in Hughes and Hyde counties, South Dakota. The bat acoustic survey conducted at the Project was designed to estimate levels of bat activity throughout the project during summer and fall. Acoustic surveys were conducted at four ground stations located in grassland or cropland habitat near features that could be attractive to bats (e.g., along hedge rows, deciduous trees, near ponds, etc.) from May 26 through October 21, 2016. The four monitoring stations used AnaBat SD2 ultrasonic detectors placed 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) above the ground to minimize insect noise. Station locations were selected to provide spatial coverage throughout the Project. The AnaBat units recorded 1,663 bat passes during 291 detector-nights. All units recorded a combined mean (± standard error) of 5.64 ± 1.61 bat passes per detector-night. For all stations, 57.7% of bat passes were classified as high-frequency (HF; e.g., eastern red bats, and little brown bats), while 42.3% of bat passes were classified as low-frequency (LF; e.g., big brown bats, hoary bats, and silver-haired bats). Bat activity varied between seasons, with lower activity in the summer and higher activity in fall. At these stations, LF and HF bat pass rates peaked during the first part September. Higher activity during the late summer and early fall may be due to the presence of migrating bats passing through the area. Bat activity recorded at the Project by ground detectors during the standardized Fall Migration Period (July 30 – October 14; 9.08 ± 3.23 bat passes per detector-night) was similar to activity observed at publicly available and comparable studies at facilities in the Midwest, and the Project is expected to experience similar fatality rates to these other Midwestern facilities. WEST, Inc. i February 6, 2017 Triple H Wind Project Bat Acoustic Survey STUDY PARTICIPANTS Western EcoSystems Technology Brian Heath Project Manager Chris Fritchman Field Supervisor Donald Solick Bat Biologist Kristina Hammond Bat Biologist/Bat Data Analyst Carmen Boyd Data and Report Manager Matt Kwit Statistician Jon Cicarelli GIS Technician Kristina Hammond Report Compiler Andrea Palochak Technical Editor Carissa Goodman Technical Editor Brenda Jarski-Weber Field Technician REPORT REFERENCE Heath, B., K. Hammond, and D. Solick. 2016. Bat Activity Studies for the Triple H Wind Project, Hughes and Hyde Counties, South Dakota. Final Report: May 26 – October 21, 2016. Prepared for Triple H Wind Project, LLC, Santa Barbara, California. Prepared by Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc. (WEST), Cheyenne, Wyoming. February 6, 2017. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was funded by Triple H Wind Project. We especially than Brenda Jarski-Weber for collecting field data for this project. We also appreciate the cooperation of landowners for allowing access to their lands for study purposes. WEST, Inc. ii February 6, 2017 Triple H Wind Project Bat Acoustic Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. i INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................ 1 Overview of Bat Diversity ....................................................................................................... 4 White-Nose Syndrome ........................................................................................................... 4 METHODS ................................................................................................................................. 5 Bat Acoustic Surveys ............................................................................................................. 5 Survey Stations .................................................................................................................. 5 Survey Schedule ................................................................................................................ 7 Data Collection and Call Analysis ........................................................................................... 7 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................................. 7 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................... 8 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 8 Bat Acoustic Surveys ............................................................................................................. 8 Spatial Variation ................................................................................................................. 9 Temporal Variation ............................................................................................................10 Species Composition .........................................................................................................10 DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................12 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................17 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Land cover in the Triple Wind Project according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD; USGS NLCD 2011, Homer et al. 2015). ........................................................................................................................ 4 Table 2. Bat species with potential to occur within the Triple H Wind Project (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] 2016, US Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 2016d) categorized by echolocation call frequency. ........................................ 4 Table 3. Results of acoustic bat surveys conducted at fixed stations within the Triple H Wind Project from May 26 to October 21, 2016. Passes are separated by call frequency: high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF). ................................................ 9 Table 4. The number of bat passes per detector-night recorded at ground stations in the Triple H Wind Project during each season in 2016, separated by call frequency: high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), and all bats (AB). ..........................................11 WEST, Inc. iii February 6, 2017 Triple H Wind Project Bat Acoustic Survey Table 5. Periods of peak activity for high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), and all bats at the Triple H Wind Project for the study period May 26 – October 21, 2016. ...................12 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Topographic map showing the location of the Triple H Wind Project. .......................... 2 Figure 2. Land cover in the Triple H Wind Project (US Geological Survey National Land Cover Database [USGS] 2011, Homer et al. 2015)......................................................... 3 Figure 3. Location of fixed AnaBat stations in the Triple H Wind Project. ................................... 6 Figure 4. Operational status of bat detectors (n = 4) operating at the Triple H Wind Project during each night of the study period May 26 to October 21, 2016. ................................ 9 Figure 5. Number of high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) bat passes per detector- night recorded at AnaBat stations in the Triple H Wind Project between May 26 to October 21, 2016. The bootstrapped standard errors are represented by the black error bars on the ‘All Bats’ columns. ..............................................................................10 Figure 6. Seasonal bat activity by high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), and all bats at the Triple H Wind Project from May 26 to October 21, 2016. The bootstrapped standard errors are represented on the ‘All Bats’ columns. ............................................11 Figure 7. Weekly patterns of bat activity by high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), and all bats at the Triple H Wind Project for the study period May 26 to October 21, 2016. ......12 Figure 8. Fatality rates for bats (number of bats per megawatt per year) from publicly available studies at wind energy facilities in the Midwest. ..............................................15 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: North American Fatality Summary Tables WEST, Inc. iv February 6, 2017 Triple H Bat Acoustic Survey INTRODUCTION Triple H Wind Project, LLC is considering the development of the Triple H Wind Project (Project) in Hughes and Hyde counties, South Dakota. Triple H Wind Project, LLC contracted