South African Journal of Science volume 115 number 1/2 Development pathways for reducing inequality and carbon emissions Draft 2018 White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation Recent emergence of CAT5 tropical cyclones in the South Indian Ocean Potential of marula waste for the production of vinegar Econometric models to understand unemployment in South Africa Volume 115 Number 1/2 January/February 2019 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF John Butler-Adam Academy of Science of South Africa MANAGING EDITOR Linda Fick Academy of Science of South Africa South African ONLINE PUBLISHING Journal of Science SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR Nadine Wubbeling Academy of Science of South Africa ONLINE PUBLISHING ADMINISTRATOR Sbonga Dlamini eISSN: 1996-7489 Academy of Science of South Africa ASSOCIATE EDITORS Priscilla Baker Leader Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape Does more and better research result in greater and effective impact? John Butler-Adam .................................................................................................................... 1 Pascal Bessong HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda Book Review Radio, like you’ve never read it before Nicolas Beukes Department of Geology, University Marina Joubert ........................................................................................................................ 2 of Johannesburg A tale of unusual dedication: The lives of JLB and Margaret Smith Chris Chimimba Brian W. van Wilgen ................................................................................................................. 3 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria Scientific Correspondence Linda Chisholm Reflections on demonstrating development-oriented innovations in South Africa Centre for Education Rights and Tim G.B. Hart, Irma Booyens, Bhekiwe Fakudze & Sikhulumile Sinyolo ...................................... 5 Transformation, University of Johannesburg Using ocean robots on high-resolution profiling to capture the fast-flowing Agulhas Current Teresa Coutinho Department of Microbiology and Tamaryn Morris & Tarron Lamont .............................................................................................. 9 Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria Morphometric comparison of semicircular canals of Parapapio broomi and Tania Douglas P.jonesi from Sterkfontein, South Africa Division of Biomedical Engineering, J. Francis Thackeray, Jean Dumoncel, Dominique Gommery, Lazarus Kgasi, University of Cape Town Gaokgatlhe M. Tawane, Frikkie C. de Beer, Jakobus W. Hoffman & Lunga C. Bam ..................... 12 Hester du Plessis Research Use and Impact Commentary Assessment, Human Sciences Research Council The nature of international collaboration in the Benguela upwelling region, 2000–2016 Maryna Steyn Mark J. Gibbons & Bonga Govuza ............................................................................................ 15 School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Research Article Patricia Whitelock South African Astronomical Science in the service of society: Is marine and coastal science addressing Observatory South Africa’s needs? Kevern L. Cochrane, Warwick H.H. Sauer & Shankar Aswani ................................................... 20 ASSOCIATE EDITOR MENTEES Growth and yield parameters of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Maitumeleng Nthontho lines as affected by planting date and zinc application rate Department of Education Nonkululeko Mfeka, Reckson A. Mulidzi & Francis B. Lewu ........................................................ 27 Management and Policy Studies, University of Pretoria Genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea as determined through an Allium cepa assay Yali Woyessa Lerato N. Madike, Samkeliso Takaidza, Cornelius Ssemakalu & Michael Pillay ........................... 35 Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD The Pleistocene fauna of the Cape south coast revealed through ichnology at Laura Czerniewicz two localities Centre for Higher Education Charles W. Helm, Hayley C. Cawthra, Jan C. de Vynck, Martin G. Lockley, Development, University of Cape Town Richard T. McCrea & Jan Venter ................................................................................................ 41 Hassina Mouri Palaeotopography of a Palaeolithic landscape at Bestwood 1, South Africa, from Department of Geology, ground-penetrating radar and magnetometry University of Johannesburg Konstantinos S. Papadimitrios, Carl-Georg Bank, Steven J. Walker & Michael Chazan .............. 50 Johann Mouton Perfectionism and motivation in sport: The mediating role of mental toughness Centre for Research on Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University Richard G. Cowden, Lee Crust, Patricia C. Jackman & Timothy R. Duckett ................................ 57 Observations from SANSA’s geomagnetic network during the Saint Patrick’s Sershen Naidoo School of Life Sciences, University of Day storm of 17–18 March 2015 KwaZulu-Natal Emmanuel Nahayo, Pieter B. Kotzé, Pierre J. Cilliers & Stefan Lotz ........................................... 64 The influence of science reading comprehension on South African township Maano Ramutsindela Department of Environmental & learners’ learning of science Geographical Science, University of Angela Stott & Tanya Beelders .................................................................................................. 72 Cape Town Comparing mathematics knowledge of first-year students from three different Himla Soodyall school curricula Academy of Science of South Africa Sonica Froneman & Mariette Hitge ........................................................................................... 81 Published by the Academy of Science of South Africa (www.assaf.org.za) with financial assistance from the Department of Science & Technology. Design and layout SUN MeDIA Bloemfontein T: 051 444 2552 E: [email protected] Correspondence and enquiries [email protected] Copyright All articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence. Copyright is retained by the authors. Disclaimer The publisher and editors accept no responsibility for statements made by the authors. Submissions Submissions should be made at www.sajs.co.za Cover caption Tulbaghia violacea (photo: Krzysztof Ziarnek/CC-BY-SA-3.0). In an article on page 35, Madike and colleagues report on the genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea – a plant commonly known as wild garlic and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Does more and better research result in greater and effective impact? Scholars from almost all disciplines play – directly or indirectly – at least It went on to report that about 3500 papers with at least one South two major roles in relation to publishing the results of their research. The African author address were indexed by the then Institute for Scientific first, and most obvious, is that they share their research findings with Information (ISI) in 2000, representing about 0.5% of all papers in the three major databases of that system, covering approximately 5500 fellow researchers, to add to and enrich (it is to be hoped) the store of selected international journals in science, engineering and medicine, knowledge in their field, and to enable debate around the nature of their 1800 in the social sciences, and 1200 in the arts and humanities.3 findings. The second, while almost as important but less obvious, is that A second report by ASSAf titled Twelve Years Later: Second ASSAf they share their findings and the implications of their findings with the Report on Research Publishing in and from South Africa (2018)4 will be public at large, including policy- and decision-makers. released in 2019. Some remarkable changes have taken place in the field of scholarly publishing over those 12 years. A few conditions remain Writing in the Scholarly Kitchen late last year, David Crotty1 pointed out that more or less the same – but the fundamental issue of the public good has ‘Publishing is a service business, and over time, offering that service to the not changed, other than to be even clearer now. Not unexpectedly, this broader community has become one of the main ways that [can generate report is longer and more detailed, and draws on a number of focused funding]’. A recent article published in the South African Journal of Science research projects in the fields of bibliometrics and scientometrics that shows clearly how important both roles are in adding to knowledge, have been conducted since 2006. The new report benefits, then, from vastly more data than were available 12 years ago. informing the pubic of important issues – and generating considerable debate. Within 2 weeks of its publication, Jennifer Fitchett’s2 article on Disappointingly, the 2006 assessment that South Africa is ‘a giant on CAT5 tropical storms in the South Indian Ocean received 450 views on the African continent’ still holds true. Research output has improved in a number of African countries, but the improvement in South Africa the journal website and reached an audience of over 800 on Facebook outweighs those changes, with South Africa still producing over 50% of and 3500 on Twitter; the article was also reported on by seven major Africa’s output (which totals somewhere between 1% and 2% of global print and online newspapers. So, as well as being read (and debated) by research publications depending on how