Table of Contents Conference Organizers . 3 Preface . 5 Welcome from Chamber of Geological Engineers—Turkey . 6 Welcome from The Geological Society of America . 7 Welcome from Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists . 8 Conference Schedule and Calendar of Events . 9 Technical Sessions Monday, 4 October . 13 Tuesday, 5 October . 16 Thursday, 7 October . 19 Friday, 8 October . 22 Abstracts . 25 Index of Authors . 88 2 Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia-Africa-Arabia Conference Organizers Co-Conveners Yildirim Dilek Miami University Department of Geology 116 Shideler Hall Oxford, OH 45056 U .S .A Erdin Bozkurt Middle East Technical University Department of Geological Engineering Ankara, 06531 Turkey Scientific Advisory Committee Erhan Altunel Osmangazi University, Turkey Erdin Bozkurt Middle East Technical University, TURKEY Sun-Lin Chung National Taiwan University, Taiwan Mark Cloos University of Texas at Austin, USA John Dewey University of California - Davis, USA; University College, U .K . Yildirim Dilek Miami University, USA W . Gary Ernst Stanford University; USA Harald Furnes University of Bergen, Norway Zvi Garfunkel Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University, Israel Robert Hall University of London, UK Akira Ishiwatari Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, JAPAN Laurent Jolivet Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans, Université d’Orléans-CNRS, France Kathleen Nicoll University of Utah, USA Yujiro Ogawa Tokyo Electric Power Services Co ., Ltd ., Japan Chang Whan Oh Chonbuk National University, Korea Aral Okay Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Turkey Julian Pearce Cardiff University, UK Manuel Pubellier Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Géologie, France Paul T . Robinson Dalhousie University, Canada A .M . Celâl Şengör Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY Orhan Tatar Cumhuriyet University, Turkey Brian Windley University of Leicester, UK Zhidan Zhao China University of Geosciences, China Thanks to our Sponsors Ankara, Turkey 3 Modification Session number 43 appearing on pages 22 and 77 have been modified . Below is the correct listing for this session . Please note the day and date have changed to what you see below . Terry Engelder and Mark Rowan's abstracts do not appear on page 77, therefore, they are listed below . Thursday, 7 October 2010: 09:30–16:30, METU Convention and Cultural Centre, Salon D SESSION NO. 43 Sedimentary basin evolution and oil fields in the Middle & Near East (Special Petroleum Geology Session sponsored by the Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists) (Orta ve Yakin Dogu’da sedimanter havza gelismeleri ve petrol olanaklari) 09:30, METU Convention and Cultural Centre, Salon D Dogan Perinçek and Dan Carpenter, Presiding 43-1 09:30 Rock, Greg*; Niewland, Dirk; Pim, Jonathon; Ferreira, Luke: EXPLORING UNDER THE OPHIOLITE 43-9 10:00 Engelder, Terry*: TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD THE DEVONIAN-MISSISSIPPIAN BLACK SHALES OF THE APPALACHIAN BASIN SERVE AS A MODEL FOR GLOBAL EXPLORATION OF SHALE GAS? Abstract below 10:30 Break 43-5 10:50 As-Saruri, Mustafa*; Sorkhabi, Rasoul: PETROLEUM BASINS OF YEMEN: THEIR TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT AND LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY 43-7 11:10 Zaigham, Nayyer Alam*; Hissam, Noushaba; Nayyar, Zeeshan Alam: DELINEATION OF NEW HORIZON FOR DISCOVERY OF HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL IN PAKISTAN 43-8 11:30 Tong, Hengmao*: A NEW MODEL FOR THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE RIFT BASIN FAULT-SYSTEMS IN THE EAST AND SOUTH CHINA –A CASE STUDY FROM BEIBUWAN BASIN 43-6 11:50 Miroshnichenko, Inna*: UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS TRAPS OF FERGANA VALLEY (UZBEKISTAN) 12:10 Discussion 12:30 Lunch Break 43-2 14:30 Perinçek, Dogan*: SEDIMENTATION on THE ARABIAN SHELF HAS BEEN UNDER THE CONTROL OF TECTONIC ACTIVITIES ALONG THE ZAGROS–TAURIDE THRUST BELT FROM THE CRETACEOUS TO THE PRESENT 43-10 15:00 Rowan, Mark G.*:FOLD-AND-THRUST BELTS DETACHED ON SALT. Abstract below 15:30 Break 43-3 15:50 Bozdogan, Nihat*; Erten, Tayfun: PALEOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BASIN EVOLUTION AND OIL FIELDS, SE ANATOLIA, TURKEY 43-4 16:10 Erten, Tayfun*: EVOLUTION OF MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN SE TURKEY 16:30 Discussion 43-9 10:00 Engelder, Terry Geological Society of London 2010 Unconventional Shale Gas Keynote Lecturer TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD THE DEVONIAN-MISSISSIPPIAN BLACK SHALES OF THE APPALACHIAN BASIN SERVE AS A MODEL FOR GLOBAL EXPLORATION OF SHALE GAS? ENGELDER, Terry, Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 336 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, [email protected] Shale gas occurs in mudstones with common characteristics including a minimum TOC buried to depths sufficient to achieve a certain thermal maturity. Various mudstones around the globe differ in thickness and regional extent but these characteristic are often not the most important in controlling economic viability, particularly when the shales are developed with horizontal drilling. Rock prop- erties and tectonic histories are quite distinct from shale play to shale play and it is these parameters that can make all the difference in the evolution of an economic play. Rock properties are a func- tion of conditions at the time of deposition and have a strong influence on such engineering considerations as drilling and completion. Tectonic history is the final step in the evolution of gas shales toward or away from economic viability, depending on structural complexity. Devonian black shale of the northern Appalachian Basin developed through two periods of tectonic loading. The earlier (Acadian loading) affected depositional style whereas the later (Alleghanian loading) affected tectonic fabric. As a consequence of the Alleghanian orogeny black shales of the northern Appalachian Basin (mainly the Marcellus) carry tectonic structures ranging from microscopic to seismic in scale. These Appalachian structures present some challenges to horizontal drilling and completion that may or may not appear in other basins of the world. Nevertheless, lessons learned in dealing with structures of the Appalachian Basin will undoubtedly provide valuable models as the global gas shale play continues to expand to new basins of the world. 43-10 15:00 Rowan, Mark G. American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2010 Distinguished Instructor FOLD-AND-THRUST BELTS DETACHED ON SALT ROWAN, Mark G., Rowan Consulting Inc, 850 8th St, Boulder, CO 80302, [email protected] Fold-and-thrust belts detached on salt, whether in passive-margin deepwater provinces or along convergent-margin orogens, have fundamentally different structural styles than those detached on normal to moderately overpressured shale. They can be broadly divided into two subsets: those where no salt mobility preceded shortening, and those where diapirs and minibasins were established prior to the onset of shortening. In both cases, the critical taper angle is small and deformation occurs practically simultaneously over broad areas or propagates landward or toward the hinterland from the salt pinchout due to the viscous nature of the décollement. When there is no early salt movement, shortening results in a regular wavetrain of elongate, generally symmetrical salt-cored detachment folds. The spatial and thickness distribution of the salt influences fold orientation, thrust-fault development, and strike-parallel geometries. Stacked salt layers lead to disharmonic and polyharmonic folding. In fold-and-thrust belts where salt withdrawal and diapirism predated shortening, the variable strength of the overburden controls the deformation and yields much more complex geometries. Folds nucleate at the weak diapirs, which get squeezed and sometimes thrusted, with high lateral strain gradients common directly adjacent to the diapirs. In the case of circular diapirs connected by a polygonal array of deep salt ridges, variably oriented folds, thrusted folds, strike-slip faults, and even normal faults form as strong minibasins translate somewhat independently above the décolle- ment and rotate about vertical axes. Elongate salt walls tend to be squeezed more at their centers than at their ends, resulting in steep salt welds linking diapirs at fold terminations. In all instances, the preexisting structural architecture strongly controls the deformation, with significant strike-parallel variations in structural style. 4 Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia-Africa-Arabia Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia-Africa-Arabia PREFACE Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia-Africa-Arabia is taking place in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, located in the central Anatolian plateau, from 4 to 8 October 2010. This global meeting, which is the first one sponsored by the International Section of the Geological Society of America (GSA), has been convened in collaboration with the Department of Geological Engineering at Middle East Technical University (METU), the Chamber of the Geological Engineers of Turkey, and the Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, and has been endorsed and sponsored by the Middle East Technical University (METU), the Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA), European Geosciences Union (EGU), The Geological Society of London, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), and the Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TP). The purpose is provide a forum for international earth scientists to exchange and discuss their recent observations and interpreta- tions on the crustal structure, mantle dynamics, and landscape development of evolving orogens around the world,