1. CONTROL NUMBER 2. SUBECT CLASSIFICATION (695) BIBLIOGRAPItlC DATA SHEET IN-AAJ-558 AF26-0000-0000 3. TITLE ANt) SUBTITLE (240) Experimental designs for predicting crop productivity with environmental and economic inputs for al rotcchnology transfer 4. PERSON.\I. AUTHORS (10P) Silva, J. A. 5. CORPORATE AUTHORS (101) Hawaii Univ. College of Tropical Agriculture 6. IDOCUMEN2< DATE (110)7. NUMBER OF PAGES (120) 8.ARC NUMBER [7 1981 13n631.5.S586b __ 9. R FRENCE ORGANIZATION (130) Hawaii 10. SUPI'PLEMENTARY NOTES (500) (In Departmental paper 49) 11. ABSTRACT (950) 12. DESCRIPTORS (920) 13. PROJECT NUMBER (150) Agricultural production Agricultural technology 931582C00 Technology transferi!Techoloy tansferYieldY e d14. CONTRACT NO.(I It)) 15. CONTRACT Soil fertility Experimentation TYPE (140) Tropics Productivity AID/ta-C-1108 Forecasting 16. TYPE OF DOCUMENT (160) AM 590-7 (10-79) Departmental Paper 49 Experimental Designs for Predicting Crop Productivity with Environmental and Economic Inputs for Agrotechnology Transfer Edited by James A. Silva ...... ,..,... *** .......... ....* ...... .... .. 00400O 00€€€€*00 .. ...* Y Y*b***S4....... ~~~.eeeeeoeeeeeU ........ o .. *.4.............*e............ :0 ooee............. ........... ....... nae of T c.e Haw i. ns..ut. CollegeofTrpclgr.cut a UnversityoHa B....EMAR.SO University of Hawaiio~ee BENCHMAR SO I Le~eSPoJECTU/ADCotac o.t-C1 14.. C4 '4 t 10 wte IA:A 77 d E/ Adt , I 26Esi ',. ,~ )~'I *3-! * Ire ~ -I ~ 0 1 N Koel4 'I M M Experimental Designs for Predicting Crop Productivity with Environmental and Economic Inputs for Agrotechnology Transfer Edited by James A. Silva Benchmark Soils Project UH/AiD Contract No. to-C-1108 The Author James A. Silva is Soil Scientist and Principal Investigator, Benchmark Soils Project/Hawaii, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. On the cover: Abstract rendering of experimentaT design selected for the Benchmark Soils Project, 52 partial factorial modification by Escobar, as described in the paper by Laird and Turrent. Correct citation: Silva, James A. , Ed. 1981. Experimental designs for predicting crop productivity with environmental and economic inputs for agrotechnoJogy transfer. Departmental Paper 49. Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of hawaii. 184 pp. CONTENTS ae Preface .......... .......................................................... 5 Section 1: Description of the Benchmark Soils Project ....................... 7 Crop Production and Land Capabilities of a Network of Tropical Soil Families--A Description of the UH/UPP/AID Benchmark Soils Research Projects .. ................... 9 Introduction . ------------------------------------------------------- 9 Specific Obiectives ------------------------------------------------ 12 Design of Experiments ----------------------------------------------- 12 Contributions to Institution Building ------------------------------ 13 Dissemination and Application of the Results ----------------------- 14 Relation to Inigenous and International Institutions--------------- 15 Future Plan3---------------------------------------------------------. 16 Literature Cited ---------------------------------------------------- 17 Some Considerations on Soil Classification in General, and "Soil Taxonomy" in Particular , .. .................... 18 Introduct in, ---------------------------------------------------------- 18 Basic Ratic nales of Soil Classification 9---------------------------- Kinds of Soil Classifications and Their Purposes ------------------- 20 Soil Taxonom....------------------------------------------------------- 20 Special Considerations Regarding Soil Taxonomy --------------------- 22 Summary ------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Literature Cited --------------------------------------------------- 25 Field Experimentation to Allow Economic Evaluation of Management and Environmental Effects on Soil Productivity 4.. .. ........ ....... ...... ...... .. .. ..... .... ...... .. ...... 26 Objectives-- --------------------------------------------------------- 26 Site Selection ----------------------------------------------------- 27 Crop Selection ----------------------------------------------------- 27 Treatment Selection ------------------------------------------------- 28 Experimental Design ------------------------------------------------ 30 Analysis of Imposed Management Factors ----------------------------- 34 Economic Analysis --------------------------------------------------- 34 Soil Factors ------------------------------------------------------- 35 Climatic Factors --------------------------------------------------- 37 Management Factors ------------------------------------------------- 38 Plant Factors ------------------------------------------------------ 38 Development of Yield Response Equations with All Factors----------- 38 Literature Cited --------------------------------------------------- 39 Section 2: Approaches to Field Experimentation in Developing Countries... 41 Some Considerations n the Design and Analysis of Fertility Experiments for Developing-Countrv Use " . ::1.a11............... 43 The Decision-Makinc Envirorment ------------------------------------ 45 Analysis of Experience for Decisions ------------------------------- 47 Measurements and Design for Generalized Functions ------------------ 49 Literature Cited --------------------------------------------------- 54 Concepts of Program Design for Soils Research and Information Transferral in Developing Countries P. r.:,V:':,:.;:.;;,n. : .W:i , :.5 ... .. ... .. .. .. ... ......................... ... .. ... .. .. 5 5 Working Concepts ---------------------------------------------------- 55 Economic Considerations of Data Extrapolation ----------------------- 58 Transfer of Soil Management Practices via Soil Classification------ 61 Summary --------------------------------- --------- 65 Literature Cited --------------------------------------------------- 66 Some Cornell University Experiences ;x ;:.7 ! I- ,1,Ii. ............. 67 Research Priorities ----------------------------------------------- 68 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Experiments in Puerto Rico ----------------- 68 Phosphorus Experiments at Brasilia, Brazil -------------------------- 72 Conclusions --------------------------------------------------------- 74 3 Page Section 3: Experimental Designs S-iitable for Soil Fertility Experiments .............................................................. 75 Key Elements in Field Experimentation for GenerAtinq Crop Production Technology R. J. LY'r; .id ,;nto,:, i'oeut............... 77 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------- 77 Collection of Information on the Area of Stud ------------------------- 79 Objectives and Orjani,,ation of Rsh- --------------------------- 80 Selecting a Treatment Design --------------------------------------- 81 Summary ------------------------------------------------------------- 103 Literature Cited ---------------------------------------------------- 105 Some Examples of the Use of Production Funet i:1s t' ,'tf Environmental Influences on Crop Productivity '. P. uo ........ 167 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------- 07 Wheat Product ivi ty in the Cent ral Val loy of h if -------- 108 Wheat Product ivity in Lhe Andes Pi edmont of Sou h, Ch i ...----------- 1 5 Concluding Comments --------------------------------------------------- 120 Literature Cited ---------------------------------------------------- 21 Design and Analysis of Soil ortiIity Exejlrlm(en ts in tie' Tropics F7 ,We,'r B. 'o.P ... .......................................... 122 Selection of Experimental Sites ------------------------------------ 125 Determination of Treatment and Experimental [siq----------------- 126 Collection of Plot and Site Data ----------------------------------- 126 Analysis of Data ----------------------------------------------------- 26 Evaluation of the Transfe r llypotheis- -------------------------------- 1 30 Bibliography-- -------------------------------------------------------- 132 A Family of Models and Experimental L,s iqw; for .v,lu at inj Response to Fertilizer Nutrients When th e TrL M(oW,, I Is Not Known .7. L. A:] m,] . 4. ,7 a,: ........ ........................... 133 I r t roduct ion 1--------------------------------------------------------133 Use of Quadratic and Sgnare Root .4odels for Singl(e Nutrient Experiments-- ---------------------------------------------- 134 Dcvelopment of the Linear-Plateau Family of Single Nutrient Models ------------------------------------------------------------- 137 Fitting Quadratic, Square Root, and Linear-Platcau Models to Multi-Nutrient Data- ------------------------------------------- ]40 Design of Experiments for Choice of Model and Determination of Optimal Rates of Fertilizer-- ------------------------------------ 141 Summary and Conclusions -------------------------------------------- 144 References ---------------------------------------------------------- 144 An Application of a Fractional Factorial Design to a Fertilizer Experiment in Japan ? o:" :.-k ......................... .zo 146 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------- 146 Use of Fractional Factorial Design --------------------------------- 147 An Example of Fer: i I i zer Experiments ]-------------------------------148 Data Analysis --------------------------------------------------------