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Crosby Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 56 Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) Qing-Hai Fan Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China [email protected] and Zhi-Qiang Zhang Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2007 Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2007 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication Fan, Qing-Hai. Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) / Qing-Hai Fan and Zhi-Qiang Zhang. — Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, 2007. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 011-5383 ; no. 56) ISBN-13: 978-0-478-09386-5 ISBN-10: 0-478-09386-1 1. Tyrophagus — Classification. 2. Tyrophagus — Identification. I. Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 1963- II. Title. III. Series. UDC 595.42 Suggested citation: Fan, Q.-H.; Zhang, Z.-Q. 2007. Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae). Fauna of New Zealand 56, 291 pp. Prepared for publication by the series editor using computer-based text processing and layout at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand M~ori text by W. Te Rakihawea, Ngaruawahia. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Date of publication 4 June 2007 Front cover: Tyrophagus communis male (Illustrator: Qing-Hai Fan). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0501. Fauna of New Zealand 56 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Arachnida Subclass Acari Supraorder Acariformes Order Astigmata Family Acaridae Tyrophagus mites The genus Tyrophagus comprises a group of primarily Illustration / Whakaahua: Tyrophagus communis fungivorous mites, including the mould mites, commonly found in stored food products and decaying organic matter. Ng~ Pãwereriki Tyrophagus They are also associates of various insects, or inhabitants of vertebrate nests. They are the most abundant and eco- Kei te puninga Tyrophagus ko te rÇpã pãwereriki kai nomically important mites inhabiting stored food and prod- harore, ~, ko ng~ pãwereriki pãhekaheka hoki ka kitea i ng~ ucts. Some Tyrophagus species are also facultatively phy- kai rokiroki me ng~ ngaku pararopi pirau. He p~nga o r~tou tophagous and can cause economic damage to plants, in- ki ‘tahi pepeke, ki ng~ whai tuaiwi noho kÇhanga r~nei. Ko cluding both ornamental flowers and vegetables grown in r~tou ng~ pãwereriki tino m~tinitini, whai p~nga Çhanga ka greenhouses. Tyrophagus belongs to the supraorder noho ki ng~ kai me ng~ hua rokiroki. Ko ‘tahi momo Acariformes, order Astigmata, family Acaridae. Currently, Tyrophagus hoki he kaitipu taunga ki te noho ki ng~ it comprises about 35 species and is worldwide in distribu- tã~huatanga taiao ~, ar~ noa atu te raru ~-ohanga ka puta i a tion. r~tou ki te ao tipu, ki ng~ putiputi whakapaipai me ng~ The life cycle commonly consists of the egg, larva, huawhenua ka whakatupua ~-whare. Ka noho mai a protonymph, tritonymph, and adult stages. The Tyrophagus ki te pãtoi o runga o Acariformes, o te pãtoi deutonymph is rarely present and has been recorded for Astigmata, o te wh~nau Acaridae. I t‘nei w~, 35 Çna momo one species only. Females of Tyrophagus can produce 100 ~, e marara ana ki ng~ tÇpito katoa o te ao. to 700 eggs. Development from the egg to adult normally Ko tÇna mataora ~, he hua, he kÇhungahunga, he takes 1 to 3 weeks, depending on temperature. pokopoko tuatahi, he pokopoko tuatoru, he pakeke. Me In New Zealand, members of Tyrophagus was firstly uaua te pokopoko tuarua ka puta ~, kotahi noa iho te momo recorded by Cockayne & Waters (1916) as chaff-mites, i mau e p‘nei ana. Ka wh~nau te uwha Tyrophagus i ana and later considered to be Tyrophagus longior by hua 100 ki te 700. N~ runga i te p~mahana, ko tÇna 1 ki te Robertson (1946), who also provided information on its 3 wiki te whanaketanga mai i te hua ki te tã~tipu pakeke. distribution and host. In her revision of Tyrophagus, I Aotearoa ko te tuhinga tuatahi mÇ ng~i Tyrophagus Robertson (1959) recorded four species from New Zealand. n~ Cockayne r~ua ko Walters (1916) i k§ia ai he pãwereriki Up to now five species of Tyrophagus have been recognised p~papa r~tou. NÇ muri ka tapaina ko Tyrophagus longior as occurring in New Zealand. e Robertson (1946) ~, n~na hoki ng~ kÇrero ki hea r~tou (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Fan & Zhang (2007): Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) In this contribution species of the genus Tyrophagus t§tari ai me Ç r~tou manapou. I tana whakahoutanga o present in New Zealand are comprehensively revised, along Tyrophagus Robertson (1959) i kÇrerohia ng~ momo e with species found in Australia and other Oceanian wh~ o Aotearoa. I taua w~ e rima ng~ momo o Tyrophagus countries. Ten species, including two new species, are e mÇhiotia ana ka kitea i Aotearoa. described and illustrated from New Zealand: Tyrophagus Ki t‘nei t~nga kÇrero ko ng~ momo o te puninga communis sp. n., T. curvipenis Fain & Fauvel, T. longior Tyrophagus kei Aotearoa, he mea titiro wh~nui me ng~ (Gervais), T. macfarlanei sp. n., T. neiswanderi Johnston momo anÇ hoki ka kitea i Ahitereiria me ‘tahi atu whenua & Bruce, T. putrescentiae (Schrank), T. robertsonae Lynch, o Oceania. Tekau ng~ momo, e rua he momo hou, nÇ T. savasi Lynch, T. similis Volgin and T. vanheurni Aotearoa katoa, i whakaahuatia ~-kupu, ~-pikitia: Oudemans. Seven species, including three new species, are Tyrophagus communis sp. n., T. curvipenis Fain & Fauvel, described and illustrated from Australia and Oceanian T. longior (Gervais), T. macfarlanei sp. n., T. neiswanderi countries: T. australasiae (Oudemans), T. javensis Johnstone & Bruce, T. putrescentiae (Schrank), T. (Oudemans), T. pacificus sp. n., T. perniciosus Zakhvatkin, robertsonae Lynch, T. savasi Lynch, T. similis Volgin, T. T. tropicus Robertson, T. womersleyi sp. n. and T. xenoductus vanheurni Oudemans. E whitu ng~ momo, e toru he momo sp. n. In addition to the descriptions of five new species, hou, nÇ Ahitereiria me ng~ whenua Oceania i whakaahuatia the following nomenclatural changes are made: Tyrophagus ~-kupu, ~-pikitia: T. australasiae (Oudemans), T. javensis africanus Meyer & Rodrigues, 1966 syn. n. of Tyrophagus (Oudemans), T. pacificus sp. n., T. perniciosus Zakhvatkin, neiswanderi Johnston & Bruce, 1965; T. palmarum T. tropicus Robertson, T. womersleyi sp. n., me T. Oudemans sensu Robertson, 1959 syn. n. of T. vanheurni xenoductus sp. n. I tua atu i ng~ whakaahuatanga o ng~ Oudemans (revived). The species concepts of T. momo hou e rima, ko ng~ huringa tapaingoa e whai ake nei: putrescentiae (Schrank) and T. javensis (Oudemans) are Tyrophagus africanus Meyer & Rodrigues, 1966 syn. n. clarified. Identification keys to adult males and females are o Tyrophagus neiswanderi Johnstone & Bruce, 1965; T. given, along with taxonomic references, hosts/habitats and palmarum Oudemans sensu Robertson, 1959 syn. n. o T. distribution data of each species. This will help identification vanheurni Oudemans (i whakahoutia). Kua ~ta and facilitate requests for rapid quarantine decisions from whakam~ramatia ng~ ari~ o te momo T. putrescentiae trading partners. (Schrank) me te momo T. javensis (Oudemans). Kua homai ng~ tohu tautuhi i ng~ toa pakeke i ng~ uwha pakeke, kua oti ng~ tohutoro whakarÇpã, ng~ nÇhanga me ng~ raraunga t§taringa mÇ ia momo. Ka ~whina t‘nei i te taha tautuhinga ~, ko ng~ tono a ng~ hoa tauhokohoko mÇ ng~ whakatau wehenga ~rai mate ka tere te whakautua. I wh~nau mai a Qing-Hai Fan i Haina ki te Raki, ka kuraina ki Haina ki te Tonga, me te whiwhi i tana T~kutanga m~tai pepeke i te Whare W~nanga Ahuwhenua Fujian i te tau 1996. Mai i te tau 1985 ki te 2001, ka noho ia ki ng~ tãranga o te pãkenga ~whina, te pãkenga, me te pãkenga tÇrua i taua Whare W~nanga anÇ. Mai i te tau 2002, he ahorangi m~tai pepeke ia i te Whare W~nanga Ahuwhenua, Whakatipu R~kau Fujian. Ko te Tau~rai Tipu, te M~tai Pepeke Ahuwhenua, te M~tai Pepeke Noho T~one me te M~tai Pãwereriki ‘tahi o ng~ kaupapa kua whakaakona e ia. I te tau 2001 me te 2002, i a ia e toro ana i te Whare W~nanga o Queensland i Ahitereiria, ka mahi tahi r~ua ko T~kuta David E. Walter ki te tirotiro i ng~ pãwereriki o Ahitereiria. I te tau 2003 ka rere mai ki Aotearoa, ka rangahau i ng~ pãwereriki ‘p~taka porotaka’ i te taha o Contributor Qing-Hai Fan was born in North China and T~kuta Zhi-Qiang Zhang, i raro i te maru o Manaaki educated in South China, graduating with a PhD in ento- Whenua.