Catalog of the Type Specimens of Stony Corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution STEPHEN D. CAIRNS W9\ I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 514 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Robert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 514 Catalog of the Type Specimens of Stony Corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Stephen D. Cairns SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1991 ABSTRACT Cairns, Stephen D. Catalog of the Type Specimens of Stony Corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 514, 59 pages, 1 table, 1991.—A taxonomic and cross-referenced alphabetic catalog is presented of all stony coral type specimens deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) as of 1990. The following categories of types are included: holotype, paratype, lectotype, paralectotype, neotype, and syntype. The type specimens of 1107 nominal taxa are cataloged, including 156 calcified hydrozoans (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae) and 951 taxa of Scleractinia. Five data categories are included for each taxon in the alphabetic list: kind of type; catalog number; locality reference; number and nature of specimens; and geologic age. Optional remarks include references to senior synonyms, new generic combinations, authorships of neo- and lectotype designations, and other pertinent nomenclatural data. Special problems concerning the interpretation of the type status of species described by J.D. Dana and T.W. Vaughan are discussed; a table is presented listing new species subsequently derived from Dana's (1846) monograph. A separate bibliography is given of the 185 publications wherein stony coral types are designated that are deposited at the NMNH. Visitation to the NMNH for the purpose of examining the coral collection, and loans, gifts, and exchanges of scientifically valuable corals are encouraged. One taxonomic action is contained herein; Flabellum floridanum is proposed for Flabellum fragile Cairns, a junior primary homonym of Flabellum cuneiforme wax. fragile Vaughan. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cairns, Stephen D. Catalog of the type specimens of stony corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution / Stephen D. Cairns. p. cm. - (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 514) Includes bibliographic references (p. SupL of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:514 1. Scleractinia-Type Specimens-Catalogs and col lections-Washington (D.C.) 2. National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)-Catalogs. I. Title. II. Series. QL1.S54 no. 514 [QL377.C7] 591 s-dc20 [593.6] 90-10384 © The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents Page Introduction 1 Organization of the Catalog 1 Special Problems 2 Loan and Exchange Policy 2 List of Abbreviations 3 Acknowledgments 3 Taxonomic List of Stony Coral Types Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History 5 Annotated Alphabetic List of Stony Coral Types Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History 17 Part 1. Hydrozoa (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae) 17 Part 2. Anthozoa (Scleractinia) 23 Literature Cited 54 Publications Wherein Stony Coral Types are Designated that are Deposited at the National Museum of Natural History 54 Other Literature Cited 58 in Epigraph "Every institution in which name-bearing types are deposited should ... (4) publish lists of name-bearing types in its possession or custody; and (5) so far as possible, communicate information concerning name-bearing types when requested." (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1985: Recommendation 72G). Catalog of the Type Specimens of Stony Corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Stephen D. Cairns Introduction ORGANIZATION OF THE CATALOG.—The catalog is organized In the spirit of Recommendation 72G of the International as two lists—taxonomic and alphabetic—which are easily Code of Zoological Nomenclature (see Epigraph), an annotated cross-referenced. The taxonomic list is arranged by family, listing of all type specimens of stony corals deposited at the beginning with the Hydrozoa, and, in general, the scleractinian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) is presented. families are arranged in the order proposed by Wells (1956). The following kinds of types are included: holotypes, para- Within families, the taxa are arranged alphabetically by genus types, lectotypes, paralectotypes, neotypes, and syntypes. and then species. Currently accepted generic combinations are Categories of taxa included are: species, subspecies, variety, used in this list, to the best of my ability to ascertain them form, and subform. A total of 2069 specimen type lots through the literature and prepublication review. In cases on representing 1107 nominal taxa are included: 156 taxa of controversy concerning the generic placement of species, the calcified hydrozoans (4 milleporids and 152 stylasterids) and most recent revisionary work is used; it is not my intent to 951 taxa of Scleractinia. This is the first comprehensive, decide on taxonomic issues of this nature. The names of Recent published list of all stony coral types in the NMNH, although species are unprefaced; Tertiary species are prefaced with a partial listings of USNM types were compiled previously: a list "t"; Mesozoic species with a "$". of types of Madrepora (= Acropora) by Rathbun (1887); a list The alphabetic list is divided into two parts: part 1 includes of types of Porites and Synaraea (Rathbun, 1888); a list of the two calcified hydrozoan families; part 2, the anthozoan, or scleractinian types (Wells, 1952, unpublished); a list of NMNH scleractinian, families. The taxa are listed in their original Dana types (Carpenter, 1973, unpublished); and a listing of the combination and alphabetized by their lowest taxonomic types and hypotypes of 111 selected Tertiary species of component Each entry has at least five standard categories of Scleractinia (Budd, 1990). Furthermore, both Cairns (1978d) information: kind of type; USNM catalog number, station and Zlatarski (1988) published lists of publications wherein number or brief locality designation; number and kind of types were designated that were deposited at the NMNH. In specimens; geologic age; and remarks, if any. The kind of type many cases—especially in the publications of Dana, Vaughan, is always abbreviated (see list of abbreviations) and followed Verrill, Weisbord, and Wells—this list constitutes the first by a colon. Catalog numbers for the stony corals historically published record of the catalog number for their type derive from three number series. Unprefaced numbers pertain specimens. All types were personally verified as present in to the current number series in the Department of Invertebrate 1990. Zoology. Numbers prefaced with an "M" derived from the Division of Mollusks series, discontinued for corals in Stephen D. Cairns, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National approximately 1963. Numbers prefaced with an "I" derived Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. from the Invertebrate Paleontology