NISTIR 8003 Design and Testing of a Mobile Touchscreen Interface for Multi-Modal Biometric Capture Kristen K. Greene Ross J. Micheals Kayee Kwong Gregory P. Fiumara http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8003 NISTIR 8003 Design and Testing of a Mobile Touchscreen Interface for Multi-Modal Biometric Capture Kristen K. Greene Ross J. Micheals Kayee Kwong Gregory P. Fiumara Information Technology Laboratory http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8003 May, 2014 U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director ii DISCLAIMER Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this report, we describe in detail the design and usability testing of a touchscreen interface for multimodal biometric capture, an application called WSABI, Web Services for Acquiring Biometric Information. The application code is publicly available online at https://github.com/NIST-BWS/wsabi2. The interface is a tablet-based reference application for the Web Services for Biometric Devices (WS-BD) protocol. Just as WS-BD specifies a method of communication between client and sensors (i.e., machine-to-machine communication), WSABI provides a consistent and modality- independent method of interaction between human operators and sensors (i.e., human-to- machine communication). The interface’s common capture cards look and function the same across all modalities and all sensors; regardless of the biometric modality or sensor, users perform the same actions to capture, annotate, clear, and retake biometric data. Similarly, users perform the same method of sensor setup regardless of the biometric modality or sensor. Most importantly, this design and functionality has been tested and found successful with real users, participants ranging in age, education, and tablet experience, who were unfamiliar with biometrics and given no training on the application. Given the success of the user-centered WSABI design, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommends that requirements for new systems include the guidelines in the “Design Recommendations” section of this document; including requirements will yield a more effective and efficient user interface for biometric operators, saving both time and money on operator training. iv CONTENTS List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2 Direct Manipulation ............................................................................................................ 5 No Training ......................................................................................................................... 6 Study 1 ................................................................................................................................ 7 Method ............................................................................................................................ 7 Participants .................................................................................................................. 7 Materials and Procedure ............................................................................................. 8 Tasks ......................................................................................................................... 10 Operator tasks ........................................................................................................... 10 Manager tasks ........................................................................................................... 11 WSABI Interface .......................................................................................................... 11 Results ........................................................................................................................... 17 Operator Tasks .............................................................................................................. 17 Multi-modal capture.................................................................................................. 17 Retaking .................................................................................................................... 17 Annotating................................................................................................................. 18 Browsing results........................................................................................................ 19 Manager Tasks .............................................................................................................. 20 Creating a new workflow .......................................................................................... 20 Naming a new workflow ........................................................................................... 21 Adding items to a new workflow .............................................................................. 21 Rearranging items within a new workflow ............................................................... 22 WSABI redesign ............................................................................................................... 23 Study 2 .............................................................................................................................. 29 Method .......................................................................................................................... 29 Participants ................................................................................................................ 29 Materials and Procedure ........................................................................................... 30 Tasks ......................................................................................................................... 30 Manager Tasks .......................................................................................................... 30 Basic employee template .......................................................................................... 31 Guard template .......................................................................................................... 38 Operator Tasks .......................................................................................................... 39 v “Alice” tasks ............................................................................................................. 40 Biographical information entry ................................................................................. 40 Capturing................................................................................................................... 41 Clearing and retaking ................................................................................................ 42 Annotating................................................................................................................. 42 “Bob” tasks ............................................................................................................... 43 “John” tasks .............................................................................................................. 44 Deleting an item ........................................................................................................ 44 Deleting a record ....................................................................................................... 45 Results ........................................................................................................................... 46 Manager Tasks .............................................................................................................. 46 Basic new employee template ................................................................................... 46 Left slap setup ........................................................................................................... 46 Right slap setup ......................................................................................................... 47 Face setup.................................................................................................................. 48 Rearranging icons ..................................................................................................... 48 Guard template .......................................................................................................... 49 Thumbs setup ............................................................................................................ 49 Operator Tasks .............................................................................................................. 50 Biographical information entry ................................................................................. 50 Multi-modal capture.................................................................................................. 51 Retaking and annotating