ISSN: 2347-7474 International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com RESEARCH ARTICLE Some Philosophical Influences in Antonio Machado Maria Rodriguez Garcia University Pablo Olavide, Seville, Spain Abstract The present work centers in the analysis of some of the philosophical influences more important in the work of Antonio Machado, Spanish poet of the Generation of the 98 that died in the French exile in 1939. The work of Machado is fed up studied in Spain, no like this his philosophy that, explaining like speakers to Henri Bergson, Miguel of Unamuno and José Ortega and Gasset, shows like conjunction between literature and philosophy. Said link is crucial in the primes of the Spanish 20th century, as the philosophy goes through his incursion in the literature and vice versa, redefining the vision of the reality, the thought and, in definite, the culture. The present article treats some of these philosophical influences in the work of Machado for like this collect in the importance of the work of the poet in the primes of the Spanish philosophy of the 20th century. Keywords: Philosophy, Spanish thought, literature, metaphysical, Antonio Machado, Generation of the 98. Introduction To the equal that his mates of generation, commitment with the called problem of Antonio Machado (Seville, 1875-1939) lived Spain. Said problem is by him treaty from a time of apathy and vital decadence that the evocation of the Spanish landscape that debía be reconstructed from the pillars of a needs of a brave hidalgo that move away to new political order, social and cultural. And the defeated of the existential tedium. 19th century stands out culturally, among Perhaps it was this knight the one who is others reasons, for being the century of the like a superman to the way of Nietzsche, this science; attempt to justify all existential paradigm of the will of creation that order from laws and scientific principles. comprises the absence of supreme values However Machado, to the equal that the rest and that, far to accommodate in his of intellectuals of these years, comprises that desperation, delivers to his destination and the “for what” existential, as well as the to his work. ontological answer to the problem of Spain [1] does not remain collected in this attempt From the calm of the verses and the prose of to subject to empirical discipline the order of Antonio Machado surface critical words that the real. answer to this destiny vital, his and the one of the men of his time, of those that believe Like this, it could say that Machado receives in an increase of the value of the life and to the tendency vitals of thinkers like Henri that coin like fundamental pillar of cultural Bergson, Miguel of Unamuno or Friedrich regeneration the “will of”: can and creation Nietzsche, among others, like answer to the like strength that fight with the tear problem of his time. This reality is not a existential and to the vertigo in front of the reason to ignore that, in a principle, at all. From the analysis of some of the Machado had a strong modernist tendency philosophical influences more stood out in that is found in an aesthetic vitality in the work of Machado, pretend to certify that which the beauty identified with the the confluence between literature and strength, being fundamentally from Fields of philosophy is essential in the development of Castilla [2] when the poet shows a greater the Spanish philosophy of the 20th century Maria Rodriguez Garcia | May 2016 | Vol.4 | Issue 05 |10-20 10 Available online at: www.ijassh.com and, besides, put the focus of attention in the conception of the human existence and in need to redefine what was to do philosophy, the exaltation of Don Quijote like archetype as this also can find from the literature. of the achievement of the ideal and like affirmation of the value of each man further The Influence of Nietzsche and of all net social. In this point, the Unamuno in Machado interpretation that carries out Unamuno of The philosophical Hispanism of the 19th Don Quijote is like the Zaratustra of century is clearly influenced by the thought Nietzsche: both are solitary men that have of coin vitality that in this time emerges in delivered to the existence until reaching Europe. Nietzsche Will be one of the the heights of the delirium, which does fundamental pillars in the emergency of this necessary like attempt to wake up the philosophy and Unamuno, could say, turns consciousnesses sent to sleep. This delivery into one of the firmest receptors in this way without condition to the life is what does to think that it places in front the life to the that, to the eyes of the other, Zaratustra and reason. Don Quijote is not more than two crazy. But it is not like this. In both cases treats of a In spite of that, as it aims Gonzalo Sobejano, penetration in the tragic dimension of the [3] the Basque thinker affirms an occupation man, that, exasperated and located in the and late reading of the works of Nietzsche, existential vertigo, looks for to go out of his the influence of this in his philosophy, to the spirit slept in the cowardice of the one who equal that also can track the presence of does not assume the risk of the life, of the Kierkegaard. But if we think in the quixotic adventure or of Zaratustra, the one influence of Nietzsche, we could say that who, in words of Heidegger surfaces like Unamuno also places in front the tragic answer to the historical moment to the that experience of the life, which remits to the belongs: fault of existential floor further of the own. Unamuno has a problematic relation with Nietzsche Is the first thinker that, planting the faith: educated in an environment in the perspective that contemplates the matriarchal religious, the Basque thinker first surface of the history become of the will suffer some personal crises and of faith world, poses the decisive question and that carried him to question his relation thinks it to the end in all his metaphysical with God. It is thus by what will coexist with scope. The question says like this: it is the the faith like a need created by the man to man, like man, in his essence, such as it has be able to survive. Unamuno is like Manuel revealed this up to now, prepared to do Bueno, one of his characters more celebrate, charge of the command of the earth? If it is Unamuno seems that it needs to believe and not like this, what has to occur with the fight thus whereas it longs for an answer to man, such as it has been until today, so that the tear of the life, to the death, and what it can “subject” the earth and, in this way, and to the for what of everything. fulfill the word of an Ancient Will? It does not go to be necessary that this man was But this research is not more than a form of carried further of himself same so that it can atheism that bases in the constant put in correspond to this mission? If this is like suspense of the dogmas Christians and, this, then the “ultra-hombre”, thought therefore, of the western cultural tradition. properly, cannot be any product of the In the case of Nietzsche, with his fantasy unstoppable and degenerate that announcement of the arrival of the nihilism launches impetuous to the empty [4]. is calling the attention on the tension to which was subjected the European culture, The prophet to the that approaches us whose values have been destroyed until the Nietzsche and that comprise to the light of point to affirm the impossibility of the these words of Heidegger, announces the existence from the moral principles – arrival of the superman, that that, in front Christians. This criticism that invites to the of the rest of men still subjected to the men to the reaction, to the active answer, is morals and to the Christian principles that assumed by Unamuno in his tragic grow like irrefutable interpretation of the Maria Rodriguez Garcia | May 2016 | Vol.4 | Issue 05 |10-20 11 Available online at: www.ijassh.com world, accepts the will to be able to whereas and that deliver to himself in each moment creator of values that push him to look for of his life: And the same life has trusted me the truth in the solitude and in the this secret: lo and behold-it has said me-, I universal. This superman is Don Quijote for am that that always has to surpass to Unamuno, of the one who will stand out his himself same. Frankly, you call to this will be heroic that opens “to the grace of the to create, or instinct of the end, of the most events that us come, without pretending sublime, of the furthest, of the most force them to come” [5] Don Quijote of multiple. But all this is not but an alone Unamuno delivers to his work, which thing and an alone secret. (…) It is precise identifies with his own existence: that I was fight, become, end and obstacle for the end! [8]. I know who I am! – It says the hero; because his heroism does it know to himself own. It The active nihilism, the will to be able to, can the hero say: “I know who am”, and in the perpetuation in the work or the this is in his strength and his misfortune at superman that defends the pure personal the same time (…) because only he knows, value of those who believes in the existential here in the earth, who is he, and like the inertia, are key shots in the philosophy of other do not know it, what he do or say will Nietzsche collected in the thought of appear them like factor said by the one who Unamuno, teacher, to his time of Antonio does not know , by a crazy [6] Machado.