Demonstration Project Series No. 1 Local Demonstration Projects on Climate Change Adaptation Final report of the first batch project in Cambodia Mekong River Commission Local Demonstration Projects on Climate Change Adaptation Final report of the first batch project in Cambodia Published by The Mekong River Commission, Vientiane, Lao PDR, October 2014 Specific project title Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative (CCAI) Demonstration Site Project in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia Authors: Vathana Kol, Chan Thoeun Heng, Savuth Yin, Touch Siv, Chamroeun Hul, Thary Chim and Khom Sok Editors: Barbara Hall and Sopheak Meas Cite this document as MRC. (2014). Local demonstration projects on climate change adaptation: Final report of the first batch project in Cambodia Demonstration Project Series No. 1. Vientiane: Author. Disclaimer This report was prepared by the Lao National Demonstration Project Team on behalf of the Mekong River Commission. Although all effort is made to ensure that the information, opinions and analyses contained in this document are based on sources believed to be reliable, no representation, expressed or implied, is made guaranteeing accuracy, completeness or correctness. The opinions contained herein reflect the judgment of the authors and are subject to change without notice. The views and opinions of authors expressed do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Mekong River Commission, its agents or the Member Countries. Neither the Mekong River Commission, nor the Member Countries and any agency thereof, their employees, contractors, subcontractors or their employees, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the consequences of any third party’s use of the information, opinions and analysis contained in this report. Graphic design by: Phannavanh Anoulack © Mekong River Commission 184 Fa Ngoum Road, Unit 18, Ban Sithane Neua, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane 01000, Lao PDR Telephone: (856-21) 263 263 Facsimile: (856-21) 263 264 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.mrcmekong.org Seven Development Partners, including Australia, Denmark, European Union, Finland, Germany, Luxemburg, and Sweden, provide financial support to the work of the Mekong River Commission’s Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative. This particular project and its publication would not have been possible without their kind support to which we owe our gratitude. ISBN: 978-9932-412-08-2 CONTENTS Figures and Tables iii Acronyms and Abbreviations v Acknowledgements vii Executive Summary ix 1. Background 1 2. Goal and Objectives 3 3. Methodology 5 4. Activities 9 5. Results 17 5.1. Outputs 17 5.2 Outcomes 39 6. Conclusions 43 7. Recommendations and lessons learnt 45 References 47 Annex 1: Climate Change Adaptation Priorities for Prey Veng Province 49 Annex 2: Supplementary Documents 55 Final Report of the First Batch Project in Cambodia i FIGURES & TABLES Figure 1: Flow chart on climate data analysis 7 Figure 2: Maximum, minimum and average temperatures, 1997-2010 19 Figure 3: Average annual rainfall, 1984-2010 19 Figure 4: Cause, duration and frequency of floods 24 Figure 5: Drought characteristics 25 Figure 6: Response to flooding 27 Figure 7: Steps for assessing vulnerability and defining adaptation options of agricultural rice production in Prey Veng Province 29 Figure 8: Prey Veng rice yield under low and high emissions scenarios 30 Figure 9: Structure of Sub-national Adaptation Planning of Action 35 Table 1: General methods and tools for adaptation planning 22 Table 2: Priority villages by climate extremes 26 Final Report of the First Batch Project in Cambodia iii ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS CARDI Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute CCAI Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative CCCSP Cambodia’s climate change strategic plan CCD Climate Change Department DSSAT Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer GCMs Global Circulation Models GIS Geographic Information System MRCS Mekong River Commission Secretariat NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action PCDM Provincial Committee for Disaster Management PDA Provincial Department for Agriculture PDH Provincial Department of Health PDRD Provincial Department of Rural Development RUA Royal University of Agriculture PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resource and Meteorology SAPA Sub-National Adaptation Planning of Action SRES Special Report on Emissions Scenarios UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Final Report of the First Batch Project in Cambodia v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Cambodia National Mekong Committee (CNMC) is grateful for the technical support and valuable input received from the key stakeholders and government line agencies. The authors would also like to express their sincere gratitude to the MRC for funding support the CCAI Demonstration Project through the CNMC. Special thanks are due to Peou Vuthyrak, National Environment Programme Coordinator and CCAI Demonstration Project Assistant, CNMC, and Nuon Vanna, CCAI Technical Officer, MRC Secretariat. The CCAI/CNMC also gratefully thank the members of the Survey Team: Kim Soben, Team Leader for the Field Survey (Group1), Royal University of Agriculture, Sun Kolvira, Team Leader for the Field Survey (Group 2), MoE; Oum Sophanny, researcher and representative of Prey Veng Province; Sith Som, researcher and representative of Prey Veng Province; Nuon Chuong, researcher and representative from the district; Cheat Nearoday, researcher and representative from the district; Seth Sopunnaleap, researcher at the Royal University of Agriculture; and Top Sokutheary, researcher at Royal University of Agriculture. We would also like to thank Nuon Vanna, CCAI Technical Officer, MRC, for his carrying out the Households and the Gender Survey, and the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, in Prey Veng Province. We are also particularly grateful to all stakeholders including the local authorities and other provincial departments, for their assistance and cooperation during project implementation. Final Report of the First Batch Project in Cambodia vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Cambodia is highly vulnerable to the impacts levels and stakeholders, as well as on of climate variability and climate change. lessons learned and experience shared The country’s entire agricultural production from the demonstration site project of system is dependent on the annual flooding MRC Climate Change and Adaptation and recession of Tonle Sap Great Lake, and is Initiative (CCAI) for future national therefore particularly sensitive to potential development. changes in local climate and monsoon regimes. Records from 1982 to 2002 on droughts and The overall approach of the CCAI floods clearly indicate that the provinces that demonstration project focused on: (i) primary are vulnerable to floods are equally vulnerable and secondary sources, such as data and to droughts. Prey Veng Province is one of the information gathering from a review of provinces that is the most vulnerable to floods, publications such as reports, documents, hence also to drought. policies and field surveys related to, inter alia, the status of the socio-economic situation, The objectives of the Study on Preliminary the demography, the natural resources, Climate Change Adaptation Planning for biodiversity, the environment, climate hazards Implementation in the four districts in Prey and climate change activities in the province; Veng Province were: (ii) the impact of extreme climate events on the district/community reflecting in the (i) to assess the impact of extreme climate vulnerability index; (iii) climate modelling and events on socio-economic conditions, downscaling from selection of both emission to assess climate hazards in order to scenarios by climate data using reanalysis assist and support the local authorities data from the PRECIS or MAGICC/SCENGEN and stakeholders in local planning program for the province; (iv) mapping of and decision making, and to provide climate through the surfer mapping program supporting methods and tools for including GIS in Prey Veng Province, which will adaptation planning to address climate be developed and used for the vulnerability change; and adaptation assessment; and (v) the SPSS (ii) to assess the vulnerability and adaptation (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) in district level in order to develop action program or Excel spreadsheets, which will be plan for adaptation to climate change for used for analysis from field survey data and community based practice in integrating information on climate hazards, economic local knowledge and their experiences; activities and impacts, community-based (iii) to build capacity and awareness adaptation practices and response to climate raising on climate change, focusing change. on the vulnerability and adaptation assessment for the local authorities, the provincial departments and district Final Report of the First Batch Project in Cambodia ix The methodology was developed based on The main achievements of CCAI demonstration CCAI experience and principally involved six project included: (i) the identification of key general steps: problems, establishment of the baseline and compilation of supporting methods and tools • compiling information on Prey Veng for climate change adaptation assessment; (ii) Province and reviewing appropriate the completion of a survey on the household methods and tools for climate analysis and gender and a vulnerability and adaptation and adaptation options; assessment in Peam Ro, Peam Chor, Preah • carrying out a