Assess Knowledge monsoon, citadel, vedas, sanskrit, epigrapher What two weather conditions made the geography of ancient India extreme? What important river flowed in north-west India? How did this river affect the land? When did civilization develop on the Indus River floodplain? Which present day countries are located here? What materials were used to build the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization? What technologies were developed in the Indus Valley Civilization? What writing systems did the Indus Valley civilization make? Thursday, December 13, 12 Hinduism Thursday, December 13, 12 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Sankara stones Shiva Thursday, December 13, 12 Adi Shankara Adi Shankara (Malayalam: ആദി ശരന്, Devanāgarī: आद शकर, Ādi Śaṅkara, pronounced [aːdi̪ ɕaŋkərə]); (see below) (509 BC - 477 BC) also known as Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya, and Ādi Śaṅkarācārya was an Indian philosopher who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta, a sub-school of Vedanta. His teachings are based on the unity of the soul and Brahman, in which Brahman is viewed as without attributes. In the Smārta tradition, Adi Shankara is regarded as an incarnation of Shiva. Shankara travelled across India to propagate his philosophy through discourses and debates with other thinkers. He founded four mathas ("monasteries"), which helped in the historical development, revival and spread of post- Buddhist Hinduism and Advaita Vedanta. Adi Shankara is believed to be the founder of the Dashanami monastic order and the Shanmata tradition of worship. His works in Sanskrit, all of which are extant today, concern themselves with establishing the doctrine of Advaita (Nondualism). Adi Shankara quotes extensively from the Upanishads and other Hindu scriptures in support of his philosophy. Also, his works contain arguments against opposing schools of thought like Samkhya and Buddhism. Thursday, December 13, 12 Shiva Lingam Shiva:(pronunciation: [ʃɪ.ʋə]; Sanskrit: िशव, Śiva, lit. "Auspicious one") One of the Trimurtis. Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva tradition of Hinduism. In the Smartha tradition, he is one of the five primary forms of God. [2][3] Followers of Hinduism who focus their worship upon Shiva are called Shaivites or Shaivas (Sanskrit Śaiva).[4] Shaivism, along with Vaiṣṇava traditions that focus on Vishnu, and Śākta traditions that focus on the goddess Devī are three of the most influential denominations in Hinduism.[5] Shiva is usually worshipped in the form of Shiva linga. In images, he is generally represented as immersed in deep meditation or dancing the Tandava upon maya, the demon of ignorance in his manifestation of Nataraja, the lord of the dance. In some other Hindu denominations, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva represent the three primary aspects of the divine in Hinduism and are collectively known as the Trimurti. In this school of religious thought, Brahma is the creator, Vishnu is the maintainer or preserver, and Shiva is the destroyer or transformer.[6] Thursday, December 13, 12 Where and when did religion begin? 3000B.C. 2000B.C. 1700 B.C. 566B.C. 0 A.D. Sumerian Civilization Judaism Hinduism Buddhism Christianity Mesopotamia Mesopotamia India India Judea 3000B.C. 2500B.C. 1750B.C. 550 B.C. 570 A.D. Ancient Egypt Harappan Civilization Shang Dynasty Confucianism Islam Nyle River Indus Valley Yellow River China Arabian Peninsula Thursday, December 13, 12 Founder Formed by many diverse traditions and ideas and does NOT have one Founder. No Universal moral code No Central Authority Thursday, December 13, 12 History/Birthplace Hindu = indus (India) Aryan and Dravidian natives http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/01/25/india.lama/map.india.allahabad.jpg Thursday, December 13, 12 Beliefs/Teachings Dharma- (ethics/duties)- The way of Works Karma- (action and subsequent reaction) Law of the Harvest (what you sow you reap) “ Karma is an eternally moving wheel that, like the mills of the Gods, grind out men’s destinies.” Reincarnation aka Samsara - (The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth) The soul never dies, but is reborn in another form Moksha- liberation from samsara Yogas- paths or practices Thursday, December 13, 12 Three main gods: Brahma: the Creator Shiva: the Destroyer Vishnu: the Preserver Thursday, December 13, 12 Canon The four Vedas (Rig Veda) 1028 hymns in ten books- devoted to gods Thursday, December 13, 12 Rites of Passage Pilgrimage to the Ganges River http://www.karlgrobl.com/Ganges/ganges01.htm Thursday, December 13, 12 Holidays Diwali Holi Magh Mela Thursday, December 13, 12 Assess Knowledge • Key Terms: mantras, dharma, karma, samsara, moksha, yoga, Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu, Agni, Indra vedas, brahmins, Varanasi, Ganges, Ghats, Diwali, Holi, Magh Mela, Agni, Indra • Who is the founder of Hinduism? • When did Hinduism begin? • What are the basic beliefs of Hinduism? • What is the canon of Hinduism? • What are the rites of passage of Hinduism? • What holidays do Hindu people celebrate? How do they celebrate these holidays? Thursday, December 13, 12.