Muscles of facial expression; masticatory muscles; TMJ joint Ivo Klepáček Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne born. September 17, 1806, Boulogne, France death 15. September 15, 1875, Paris, Francie Pictures from his book titled Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine 1862 Using electric stimulation he tried to determinate which muscles can be acting in various facial expression. Following his findings, Charles Darwin had published some from his photos in own paper, comparising expressions of the man and animals BRANCHIAL Motor areas V3., VII., STRUCTURES IX.,X.,XI. (their myogenic material probably originate from the occipital myotomes): • Muscles of the I. Branchial arch (V. trigeminus) • Muscles of the II. Branchial arch (VII. V1 facialis) • Muscles of the III. V3 Branchial arch ( IX. X. XI., glossopharyngeus, vagus, accesorius) V2 III. arch: Cranial part: participate in forming of the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles Distal part: forming of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles Head muscles Mm. capitis Mimic (faciales) and Masticatory (masticatorii) Kraissl´s and Langer´s cleavage lines 3D plexiform SMAS superficial (subcutaneous )musculoaponeurotic system net of collagenous Blow out fracture and muscular fibers containing fat cells SMAS type I - thin septal layer containing fat SMAS lobules type I SMAS type deep located II - SMAS with intermingling type II muscular and collagenous fibers Mimické svaly Blow out fracture Mimic muscles Superficial spindle-like or strip-like or round Deep flat • Inside subcutis •No or very thin fascia •No or very thin tendons •Interstitial fibrous tissue •Incorporated into subcutaneous fat •Nervous fibers enter muscle bellies in more than one point (gate) Motor innervation from the facial nerve nervus facialis VII. Mimic head muscles Derivates of the 2. branchial mm. faciales arch Innervation: from n. facialis (nervus cranialis septimus; VII.) Muscles: Vault (cover skull cap) Muscles of the facial expression MM. around eye MM. around nose MM. around oral cavity (mouth) Epicranial (vault, skull cap) muscles M. epicranius From two parts m. occipito-frontalis Venter frontalis et occipitalis skin, and above superior nuchal line to galea aponeurotica M. temporoparietalis skin above pinna (auricularlobe) to galea aponeurotica S C A L P Regio frontalis, temporalis, parietalis, occipitalis Kůže Skin Podkožní vazivo s hustými svazky Connective tissue kolagenu Aponeurosis (epicranial membrane) Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica Řídké vazivo Loose areolar tissue Periost perikranium Pericranium Leží v subaponeurotickém prostoru Venae are opened into v.jugularis ext., v. supraorbitalis, v. occipitalis Arteriae are come from the aa. supraorbitales, superficiales temporales, auriculares posteriores, occipitales Nerveas are branches of the cervical segments V1,V2 Muscles around external nose M. nasalis From the ventral surface of the maxilla to nasal dorsum Nasal muscle units importantant for plastic surgery: elevators, depressors, compressors, dilatators 10 1 ? 3 2 6 8 7 4 “Rhinoplasty dissection manual“ by Toriumi and 5 Becker 2007 9 Internet message Muscles around eye (orbit) M. orbicularis oculi Palpebral and orbital part Attached to periost covering inner medial orbital angle M. procerus Above nose root (subcutis) Attached frontal muscle M. corrugator supercilii From the nosel root (craniolaterallly) To skin on the medial one halves of supraorbital margines M. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi From the medial orbital angle! To skin groove called sulcus nasolabialis M. levator labii superioris Below orbital margine To the skin following nasolabial groove M. zygomaticus minor Os zygomaticum To the distal area of the nasolabial groove M. zygomaticus major From the proc. zygomaticus ossis temporalis To skin of the oral angle or to the orbicularis oris muscle M. risorius From the fascial covering masseter muscle To the skin around angulus oris (mouth corner) M. levator anguli oris From maxilla above canine root To the angulus oris, m. orbicularis oris M. depressor anguli oris From mandible below premolars Angulus oris M. depressor labii inferioris The same as above To the skin of the lower lip (labium inferius) above mentolabial groove M. mentalis Ventral mandible surface Chin skin (caudally) chin depression (fovea) M. platysma See neck muscles Subcutaneous tissue podkožním vazivu from shoulder and thorax to clavicle To skin above mandible (or to lower lip muscles) N. facialis (its collar branch - br. colli) Regio labialis et mentalis Lip Chin Platysma Pouting vivacity laugh disgusting derogation rage cry attention screwing up eyes Mimic muscles and skull openings Mimicé svaly cévy obličeje Mimic muscles face vessels trigonum mortis Mortal triangle Fat pad Bichat cushion Corpus adiposum Bichati Masticatory muscles Musculi masticatorii Muscles of mastication V3 – MANDIBULARIS Derivates of the 1. branchial arch Masticatory muscles n. mandibularis - 3rd branch of the n. V. M. masseter From the outer surface of the zygomatic arch; deep part of the muscle run from the internal bone surface, too Superficial part runs mandibular angle; deep to the „fovea zygomaticomandibularis“ M. temporalis From inferior temporal line (+adjacent bone) Proc. coronoideus mandibulae (coronoid process) Fascia temporalis and fascia parotideomasseterica Spatium interfasciale; Interfascial space M. temporalis et fascia temporalis M. masseter Fascia parotideomasseterica, Parotideomasseteric fascia Mm. pterygoidei Medialis From the pterygoid fossa and from the tuber maxillae Tuberositas pterygoidea Lateralis From the processus pterygoideus (lamina lateralis) and from the infratemporal face of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone below mandibular head, pterygoid fossa and onto the joint capsule a – lig. pterygospinosum b – n. alveolaris inferior c, d – n. lingualis e – lig. pterygomandibulare (raphe buccopharyngea) f – sulcus mylohyoideus g – angulus mandibulae et lig. stylomandibulare h – lig. sphenomandibulare Innervation: CN V3 Additional (assisting) muscles (masticatory muscles from the orthotics point of view) venter anterior of the m. digastrici m. mylohyoideus Innervation: CN V3 m. geniohyoideus Temporomandibular Articulatio temporo- (craniomandibular) joint mandibularis ATM lat. TM , TMJ engl. Morphological findings: • The great variability of all the articular structures • The absence of hyaline cartilage •The two separate compartments, allowing a wider range of mandibular movements • The mared weakness of the articular ligaments, allowing hypertranslation and dislocation without tearing the capsule Compound joint Similar to hinge joint type Basis cranii externa – semiview on the tympanic bone Condylus occipitalis Processus styloideus Os tympanicum zvýrazníte dalším Foramen jugulare kliknutím For. stylomastoideum Tuberc. pharyngicum Processus mastoideus Foramen lacerum Spina sphenoidalis Foramen spinosum Fissura Foramen ovale tympanomastoidea Fis.tympanopetrosa Fis.petrosquamosa Fis.tympanosquamosa Porus acusticus ext. Fossa mandibularis Tuberculum articulare Arcus zygomaticus END bundle of cartilaginous cels – Meckel derivate ? Articular Capsule is a sac that encloses TMJ. Gray´s anatomy, The classic collector´s edition Borders: Superior: Capsule is positioned underneath inferior side of Articular Eminence. Inferior: Capsule wraps around condyle's neck (Collum Mandibulae) It is a fibro-cartilageus disc. It divides synovial cavity of TMJ into: 1. Superior synovial cavity 2. Inferior synovial cavity Both cavities are filled with synovial fluid, secreted by inner side of articular capsule (clear, viscous fluid). Attachments of articular disc: 1.Anterior: a. Anterio-Superior: indirectly to articular eminence through capsule b.Anterio-inferior: to condyl's neck 2.Posterior: a.Posterio-superior: to post-glenoid process spina supra meatum ? b. Posterio-inferior: to condyl's neck Salentijn, L. Biology of Mineralized Tissues: Prenatal Skull Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine post-graduate dental lecture series, 2007 Moss, ML. The non-existent hinge axis, Am. Inst, Oral Biol. 1972, 59-66 Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, et al., JF; Mérida-Velasco, JR; Mérida-Velasco, JA; Jiménez-Collado, J (1998). "Anatomical considerations on the discomalleolar ligament". J Anat.. 192 (Pt 4): 617–621. PMC 1467815. PMID 9723988. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1467815/. Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, et al. (1993). "Relationships between the temporomandibular joint and the middle ear in human fetuses.". J Dent Res.. 72 (1): 62–66. T Rowicki, J Zakrzewska. (2006). "A study of the discomalleolar ligament in the adult human.". Folia Morphol. (Warsz).. 65 (2): 121–125. S Zhang, N Gersdorff, J Frahm (2011) Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Temporomandibular Joint Dynamics. The Open Medical Imaging Journal, 2011, 5, 1-7, [1] Zadik, Yehuda; Aktaş Alper; Drucker Scott; Nitzan W Dorrit (2012). "Aneurysmal bone cyst of mandibular condyle: A case report and review of the literature". J Craniomaxillofac Surg 40. •J. Chen, U. Akyuz, L. Xu, R.M.V. Pidaparti : Stress analysis of the human temporomandibular joint •Medical Engineering & Physics 20/8/: 565-572, October 1998 Upper space - cavitas discosquamosa – 581 mm2 Lower space - cavitas discocondylaris – 396 mm2 Condylar atrophy follows age fibroelastic lamina ! Retroarticular hydroelastic cushion Zenker (contains vessels) Thin elastic lamina N. facialis: • lateral surface of the joint capsule N. auriculotemporalis nerve is branched