Appendix 7.1 INVENTORY OF KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES & MONUMENTS Abbreviations used in listing below: SMR Sites and Monuments Record NGR National Grid reference Unk of unknown date Palaeo Palaeolithic c 500,000-10,000 BC Meso Mesolithic c 10,000-3,500 BC Neo Neolithic c 3500-2000 BC BA Bronze Age c 2000-800 BC IA Iron Age c 800 BC - AD 43 RB Romano-British AD 43-410 Sx Saxon 410-1066 Med Medieval c 1066-1500 PMed Post Medieval c 1500-present Known archaeology in/immediately bordering the application area 01 A probable Iron Age settlement that lies to the north of Sherwood Drive on the Drury Estate, found during the construction of the houses along this road. When the area was developed for housing in the mid-1960’s a range of archaeological features were noted. These consisted of pits containing late Iron Age pottery. Date: IA NGR: SP 886 764 SMR: 3774/0/1 & 3774 02 A cropmark complex, which lies in the arable field between Dale’s Lodge and Sherwood Drive to the south-east. Until investigated, this system of linears and enclosures remains undated and uncharacterised. Date: Unk NGR: SP 8865 7648 SMR: n/a 03 Pottery sherds and other stray Medieval artefacts found during the construction of the Drury Estate. Date: Med NGR: SP 8860 7640 SMR: 3775 04 Dale’s Lodge, a late 18th to early 19th century farm house and associated outbuildings which was until recently a working farm complex Date: PMed NGR: SP 88496 76492 SMR: 9748/1 05 A cropmark complex, which lies in the large arable field between Dale’s Lodge and the allotment gardens to the north. Until investigated, this system of linears and enclosures remains undated and uncharacterised. Date: Unk NGR: SP 8860 7670 SMR: 3776 & 3776/0/1 Known archaeology in the vicinity of the application area 06 A probable Romano-British settlement that lies to the north of Sherwood Drive on the Drury Estate, found during the construction of the houses along this road. When the area was developed for housing in the mid-1960’s a range of archaeological features were noted. These consisted of pits together with quantities of Roman pottery and tile from buried soil horizons. Date: RB NGR: SP 886 764 SMR: 3774/0/1 & 3774 07 Large cemetery site close to Southfield Farm, to the south of the disused railway track that forms the southern boundary to the application area. The cemetery was found in the late 19th century during ironstone quarrying and there is a suggestion that about 150 inhumation vessels were found, although only 17 have survived together with a group of Saxon metalwork and glass beads. Date: Sx NGR: SP 890 758 SMR: 3771/1/1 08 Barton Seagrave Manor. Earthwork remains of Barton Seagrave moats and fishponds. The southern earthwork moat is known as ‘Seagrave Castle’ and is thought to be the site of the Manor of Barton Hanred, one of the two manors in Barton Seagrave, which is last recorded as being inhabited in 1433. Scheduled Monument 13630 Date: Med NGR: SP 886 769 SMR: 3777/2 3777/2/1 3777/2/2 3777/2/3 3777/2/4 3777/2/5 09 Earthworks of a shrunken medieval village, scheduled as an ancient monument SM 13630 with Barton Seagrave moats (see above). House platforms and ditched enclosures recorded. Date: Med NGR: SP 887 772 SMR: 3777/0/1 10 Earthwork remains of medieval house platforms. When cut into by road works masonry was discovered at a depth of 5 ft. Shrunken Medieval Village. Date: Med NGR: SP 890 774 SMR: 3777 3777/0/2 11 St Botolph’s Church that has early 12th century origins, with later additions [10]. The chancel, nave and central tower are probably Norman in date, but the south aisle was enlarged in the 19th century and incorporated a number of burials formerly outside of the church. Date: Med NGR: SP 88838 77088 SMR: 3777/1/1 3777/1/2 12 Barton Seagrave Rectory Listed Grade II*. Late Medieval in origin, of ironstone construction with ashlar front and a hipped Welsh slated roof Date: Med NGR: SP 8880 7707 SMR: 3777/8 13 Unstratified medieval pottery sherds. Date: Med NGR: SP 885 770 SMR: 3777/2/0 14 Medieval hammered clay floor found in orchard of Barton Manor. Medieval pottery sherds sealed beneath. Date: Med NGR: SP 8887 7718 SMR: 3777/0/3 15 Barton Seagrave Manor. Listed Grade II Date: LMed/PMed NGR: SP 8884 7721 SMR: 3777/7 16 Southfield Farm. Depicted on the 1842 Tithe Award. Date: PMed NGR: SP 88641 75738 SMR: 9833/1 17 Rectory Cottage; a 17th century coursed rubble building of 2 storeys. With the Church and the Rectory, they form a group. Date: PMed NGR: SP 88776 77083 SMR: 3777/0/12 18 Row of 18th century cottages known as 32-36 St Botolph’s Road. Coursed rubble, thatched roofs, 1 storey. Date: PMed NGR: SP 88717 77097 SMR: 3777/9/1 19 Historical gardens at Barton Seagrave Hall. Detailed on early 20th century photographs. Date: PMed NGR: SP 8870 7715 SMR: 3777/3/12 20 Parkland at Barton Seagrave Rectory. Designed landscape. Date: PMed NGR: SP 8888 7705 SMR: 4913 21 19th century quarry pits. Date: PMed NGR: SP 888 757 SMR: 8455/1/1 22 19th century quarry associated with the ironstone workings of Butlin, Bevan and Company which began its life in 1883. Date: PMed NGR: SP 888 757 SMR: 8455/1 23 19th century quarry pits. Date: PMed NGR: SP 888 757 SMR: 8455 24 The Kettering to Huntingdon Midland railway branch. This is now a redundant line part of which forms the southern boundary to the application site. Date: PMed NGR: SP 90962 76538 SMR: 7813/1 25 Wicksteed Park. The park is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). It is an early 20th century public amusement park laid out for Charles Wicksteed and opened in 1921. It has formal elements set within an informal leisure park that is dominated by a large lake. Date: PMed NGR: SP 8802 7688 SMR: 7198/357 Appendix 7.2 The regional context and the surrounds of the application area (numbers in bold text refer to entries on Figure 7.1 and Appendix 7.1) The regional context and the surrounds of the application area There is little evidence pre-dating the Saxon period within a kilometre of the application area. Palaeolithic (c 500,000 to 8,500 BC) and Mesolithic (c 8,500 to 3,500 BC) evidence is present within the wider region, but is very slight and, as with most of early prehistoric Britain, is not represented by domestic settlement sites or burial structures, but rather by isolated finds of stone and flint tools (Roe 1981). The Neolithic period (3,500 to 2,000 BC), is a time generally associated with the introduction of agriculture to the British Isles. The beginnings of agriculture led to a more sedentary existence, being evidenced by domestic crops and animals and the clearing of tracts of woodland for farming activities. The Neolithic period also saw the construction of large communal monuments, such as henges and barrows for ritual activities and the burial of the dead. Actual settlement sites are less well understood, but concentrations of artefacts, including flint tools and pottery sherds, are generally assumed to indicate areas where Neolithic groups settled. As with earlier periods, however, there is very little relating to the Neolithic period in the Kettering region. Bronze Age (2,000 to 1,000 BC) activities are similarly elusive, although to the north of the settlement of Kettering, and to the south of Weekley Hall Wood, Bronze Age worked flints and fragments of pottery were recovered during iron- stone mining in the early 20th century. There is also a record of ‘four Bronze Age urns’ being found in 1904 at ‘Kettering Furnaces’ and a further burial urn is recorded as having been discovered ‘north of Kettering’ during drainage work in 1903. Throughout Britain the Iron Age period (1,000 BC to AD 43) represents a time when farming settlements become more widely established and human groups created a substantial reduction in the level of woodland cover with the creation of fields for pasture and arable. In the Kettering region, and in the general vicinity of the application area, there is much evidence relating to Iron Age activities. Immediately bordering the application area, an Iron Age and early Romano- British settlement was discovered during the building of the Drury Estate [01]. Investigations here identified pits containing late Iron Age pottery. The full extent of the former settlement is unknown, but it may enter the application site. Further Iron Age settlements have been discovered off the Warkton Lane (SP 895 783), 1.5 kms to the NE of the application site, and off Churchill Way (SP 886 780), 0.5 km to the south of this. At Warkton Lane numerous ditches and pits were discovered, but no coherent settlement pattern could be developed whilst at Churchill Way numerous late Iron Age features were identified including several burials. Both these sites were discovered during house building in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. The largest Iron Age site, however, existed to the north of Kettering where scattered remains have been found covering c. 80 hectares (centred SP 871 806). This settlement, which developed through into the Roman period, occupied much of the north part of the town of Kettering, and extended into Weekley and Geddington parishes.