ADM CCS Projects Experience and Lessons Learned CSLF Technical Workshop June 17, 2015 Scott McDonald Biofuels Development Director [email protected] Acknowledgements • The Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (ICCS) project is administered by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (award number DE-FE-0001547) and by a cost share agreement with the Archer Daniels Midland Company, University of Illinois through the Illinois State Geological Survey, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and Richland Community College. This ICCS project received DOE funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ($141.4 million). • The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through the National Energy Technology Laboratory via the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (contract number DE-FC26-05NT42588) and by a cost share agreement with the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Office of Coal Development through the Illinois Clean Coal Institute. • The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) is a collaboration led by the geological surveys of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY ADM - Decatur CCS Projects Illinois Basin Decatur Project - Large scale geologic test to inject 1.0 million mt of CO2 over a three year period (1,000 MT/day). Illinois Industrial CCS Project - Target & demonstrate advanced CCS technologies at industrial scale facilities. - Inject and store 1.0 million mt CO2 per year (3,000 tons/day). - Study the interaction of two separate plumes. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY http://www.youtube.com/watoch?v=uE7DJVCa5h0 ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Site Selection Regional Geologic Characterization • Cratonic basin • ADM Decatur facility is located • 60,000 square mile area near the center of this geologic formation • Structurally complex to the south with faulting and • Estimated CO2 storage capacity seismicity between 27 to 109 billion metric tons ADM ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Site Characterization Seismic Acquisition ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Site Characterization Evaluation of the Decatur Site • The ADM site has excellent features for Top: Eau Claire Top: Higher CO2 storage porosity zone High purity source of • Top: Mt. Simon within the Mt. CO 2 Simon • Thick permeable formation for storage. Porosity <20% and permeability 26 mD • Formation depth • Thick seal with no resolvable faulting • Additional seal formations • No local penetrations of the primary seal formation • Low population Channel density produced with Petrel ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Test Well Construction ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Coring and Well Logging ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Core Analysis Results ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY VW2: Petrophysical Analysis and Completion Plan Middle Mt Simon Compared to Petrophysical Analysis • Zones of Interest • Mount Simon CCS2 inject • (Upper, Middle, Lower) interval • Pre Mount Simon • Weathered Pre CCS1 inject Cambrian interval • Pre Cambrian Basement Lower Mt Simon • IC zones 1,2,3 in lower Pre Mt Simon Mt Simon Weathered PC • IC zones 4,5 in upper PC Mt Simon Resistivity Porosity Permeability Porosity Lithology Pore Size NMR T2 ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Geophysical Modeling ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY 1st UIC Class VI Site Permitting Permit Application USEPA: UIC Class VI Permit Reviewed by the USEPA • UIC Class VI permit application submitted on July 25, 2011. • US EPA Region V issued a draft permit on April 15, 2014. • Public hearing conducted on May 21, 2014. • Public Comment Period concluded May 31, 2014. • Final permit issued December 28, 2014. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY ICCS & IBDP Project Timelines ICCS & IBDP Construction and Operations Timeline Compression Compression Facility Injection and Monitoring Start up 3D Seismic Groundwater Facility Test Well Mechanical Well Construction & Operation Survey Monitoring Construction Construction Completion Completion CCS#2 Design and Engineering Facility Construction CCS#2 Construction Operation Facility Construction CCS#1 Injection Operation Post Injection Monitoring 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ICCS Permitting Timeline Notice of USEPA Completeness Determination Submit St Peter USEPA USEPA USEPA Permit Injection Permit Lowermost Accepts Draft Final Finalized Authorization Application USDW AoR Decision Decision USEPA Technical Review Period Permit Public Appeal Application Comment Period Preparation Period USEPA USEPA USEPA Response to Completion Information Information Information Public Reporting Request #1 Request #2 Request #4 Comments General General Financial USEPA USEPA Information Information Request #3 Request #5 Model Inputs PISC ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Environmental Monitoring (MVA) Conceptual Framework Deep Near Surface Subsurface Ground Above Injection Soil and Vadose Zone Water Seal Zone Geophysical Geophysical Geochemical Surveys Surveys Sampling Aerial Imagery Soil CO2 Flux Seismic Geochemical P/T Monitoring sampling Monitoring P Monitoring P/T Monitoring ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Environmental Monitoring Near Surface Monitoring • Near infrared aerial imagery will be used to evaluate plant stress • Soil resistivity characterized shallow depths for identification of optimum GWM locations • GWM for baseline conditions and operational surveillance • Surface soil CO2 flux monitoring ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Environmental Monitoring Deep Subsurface Monitoring • CCS#1 & CCS#2 T/P monitoring • Distributed Temp Sensor • VW#1 Westbay system • VW#2 IntelliZone System • Multi-level sampling ports reservoir fluid collection and T/P monitoring • P/T sensors to monitor above the reservoir seal • GM#1 has 31 sensor array • GM#2 5 level 20 sensor array w P/T at 3500’ • Allow offset or walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) • Well logging (RST) ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Seismic Monitoring USGS Site Monitoring ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Deep Seismic Monitoring • 3 4C Geophones in CCS1 • 24 Active Geophones in GM1 • Monitoring Started May 2010 • Geoware LTD is processing data • SCS analyzing results • Processing of pre-injection data Plan view ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Deep Seismic Monitoring “Slim Wave” Retrievable Geophones ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Seismic Monitoring Data 800 700 Day 600 500 Events/ 400 300 200 Frequency of Detected 100 0 2/1/12 5/11/12 8/19/12 11/27/12 3/7/13 Time ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Main Challenges Alternative PISC Timeframe • Default PISC is 50 Years • Applicant allowed to petition for an alternative timeframe • ADM Proposed 10 Year PISC - Reservoir Pressure Decline - Plume Stabilization - CO2 Partitioning Operation 50 Year Post Injection Monitoring 2015 2020 2070 ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Main Challenges Alternative PISC Timeframe • Default PISC is 50 Years • Applicant allowed to petition for an alternative timeframe • ADM Proposed 10 Year PISC - Reservoir Pressure Decline - Plume Stabilization - CO2 Partitioning 10 Year Post Injection Operation Demonstrate Non-endangerment Monitoring 2015 2020 2030 ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Alternative PISC Timeframe Reservoir Pressure Decline Aggregate differential pressure contours at the end of the operational period. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Alternative PISC Timeframe CO2 Plume Stabilization Based on a plume growth of 1.0% per year, it would take over 600 years for the project’s CO2 plume to reach the closest well. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Time Lapse VSP Surveys ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Alternative PISC Timeframe CO2 Mass Partitioning Over 50% of the CO2 is trapped within the reservoir after 10 years. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY CO2 Collection Facility ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Low Pressure CO2 Delivery 24” CO2 Transfer Line (1,800 ft) ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Main Compression Building ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Main Compression Building ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Main Compression Building ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY CO2 Dehydration Unit TEG Water CO2 TEG + Water ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Main Compression Building ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY HP CO2 Transmission Line ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY IBDP Injection Well ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY CO2 Based Chemicals •Carbonates • Glycerol Carbonate • Propylene Carbonate • Dimethyl Carbonate •Fertilizers •Alcohols •Fuels •Acids •Others Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, Sakakura, Choi, & Yasuda, 2007 ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Enhanced Oil Production http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azLVjYij5U4 ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY Illinois Basin Potential ADM Plants 10,000 TPD •Illinois Basin - Oil Producing Region •Est. Recoverable Oil = 700 million