UNITED NATIONS ECE/CES/BUR/2013/OCT/17/Add.1 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE 7 October 2013 CONFERENCE OF EUROPEAN STATISTICIANS Approved Second Meeting of the 2013/2014 Bureau Geneva, 21-22 October 2013 Item 6 of the Provisional Agenda Guidelines for Harmonizing Time-Use Surveys Prepared by the Task Force on Time-Use Surveys Acknowledgement The present Guidelines have been prepared by the UNECE Task Force on Time-Use Surveys, which consisted of the following members: Caroline Daley and Cassandra Gligora (Australian Bureau of Statistics, chairs of the Task Force since and until October 2012, respectively), Jodi-Anne Brzozowski (Statistics Canada), Hannu Pääkkönen and Paavo Väisänen (Statistics Finland), Layla Ricroch (INSEE, France), Márta Tabajdi (Hungarian Central Statistical Office), Hitoshi Mikami (Statistics Bureau of Japan), Andrew Hancock (Statistics New Zealand), Odd Frank Vaage (Statistics Norway), Georgeta-Marinela Istrate (National Institute of Statistics, Romania), Mikael Fredberg (Statistics Sweden), Jean-Louis Mercy, Sabine Gagel and Luis del Barrio (Eurostat), Conal Smith (OECD), Kimberly Fisher and Jonathan Gershuny (Centre for Time Use Research, United Kingdom), Andres Vikat and David Boko (UNECE). The Task Force gratefully acknowledges input from Sophia Lawrence (International Labour Organization). The chapters of the Guidelines have been discussed and agreed by the entire Task Force. Some organizations took the primary responsibility of drafting certain chapters, as follows: chapter 1 was drafted by UNECE, chapter 2 by UNECE and OECD, chapters 3, 10 and 11 by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, chapter 4 by Statistics Finland and the Centre for Time Use Research, chapter 5 by Statistics New Zealand, chapter 6 by Statistics Finland and Statistics Canada, chapters 7 and 8 by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Canada and the Centre for Time Use Research, chapter 9 by Statistics Canada and Statistics Finland, and sections 3.3.5 and 7.3 by INSEE and OECD. Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 International harmonization initiatives .................................................................................... 8 1.1.1 Multinational Time Use Study ........................................................................................ 8 1.1.2 Harmonised European Time Use Surveys ....................................................................... 8 1.1.3 United Nations guide and classification .......................................................................... 9 1.1.4 In-depth review by the Bureau of the Conference of European Statisticians .................. 9 1.2 Purpose of the Guidelines ......................................................................................................10 1.3 Outline of the Guidelines .......................................................................................................10 2 Policy Relevance .............................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................12 2.2 Unpaid work and non-market production ..............................................................................13 2.3 Well-being ..............................................................................................................................16 2.3.1 Social and leisure time ...................................................................................................16 2.3.2 Work-life balance ...........................................................................................................17 2.4 Gender equality ......................................................................................................................18 2.5 Other uses of time-use data ....................................................................................................19 2.5.1 Health .............................................................................................................................19 2.5.2 Work ...............................................................................................................................20 2.5.3 Transport ........................................................................................................................20 2.5.4 Culture and sport ............................................................................................................21 2.5.5 Environment and climate ...............................................................................................21 2.5.6 Time poverty ..................................................................................................................22 2.5.7 Policies targeting specific population groups .................................................................22 2.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................23 3 Recommended Outputs .................................................................................................. 24 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................24 3.2 Unpaid work and non-market production ..............................................................................25 3.2.1 Household production ....................................................................................................25 3.2.2 Time spent on unpaid work outside of employment ......................................................26 3.2.3 Unpaid care, childcare and provision of assistance to household members ...................27 3.2.4 Time spent volunteering .................................................................................................27 3.3 Well-being ..............................................................................................................................29 3.3.1 Social and leisure time ...................................................................................................29 3.3.2 Time spent sleeping ........................................................................................................31 3.3.3 Work-life balance ...........................................................................................................31 3.3.4 Travel time .....................................................................................................................35 3.3.5 Affect and subjective well-being ....................................................................................36 3.3.6 Physical activity and sedentary behaviours ....................................................................38 3.4 Gender equality ......................................................................................................................39 3.4.1 Employment and other forms of work (unpaid) by gender ............................................39 3.4.2 Joint distribution of work in couples ..............................................................................40 3.5 Other uses of time-use data ....................................................................................................41 3.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................42 4 Survey Scale and Time Frames Covered ...................................................................... 43 4.1 Diary versus other methods ....................................................................................................43 3 4.2 Full-scale and light diaries .....................................................................................................43 4.2.1 Definitions ......................................................................................................................43 4.2.2 Diaries describing “yesterday” or “tomorrow” ..............................................................43 4.2.3 Practices with the light diary ..........................................................................................44 4.2.4 Advantages and disadvantages of the light diary ...........................................................45 4.3 Periodicity ..............................................................................................................................45 4.4 Time use over weeks, months and years ................................................................................46 4.4.1 Longer term participation questions ...............................................................................46 4.4.2 Longitudinal surveys ......................................................................................................48 4.4.3 Linking diary surveys with qualitative surveys ..............................................................49 4.5 Conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................................50 4.5.1 Diary versus other methods ............................................................................................50 4.5.2 Light and full-scale diaries .............................................................................................50 4.5.3 Periodicity ......................................................................................................................51