1 LESSON 8: THE MAJOR MODE u SUGGESTIONS FOR LISTENING examples of diatonic modes: • Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849), Mazurka, op. 24, no. 2 (1833). The mode shifts from C Ionian (major) to F Lydian (the F white-key scale) in measures 21–32 (roughly 0:20–0:30). • Béla Bartók (1881–1945), For Children, book 1, no. 3, “Former Friends” (1910). The music is in A Dorian (A B C D E F# G, a rotation of G major) with the exception of one note. Can you find it? • Béla Bartók (1881–1945), For Children, book 2, no. 20, “Stay Home, Hanulienka” (1910). The entire piece is in F Lydian (F white-key scale). • Francis Poulenc (1899–1963), Valse from Album des six (1919). The main theme (e.g., approx. 0:00–0:13) uses the C Lydian scale (C D E F# G A B, a rotation of G major). • Alfredo Casella (1883–1947), Eleven Children’s Piano Pieces, op. 35, no. 6, “Siciliana” (1920). The first nine measures (approx. 0:00–0:25) use the D Dorian scale (D white-key scale). Later (approx. 0:36–1:20) the music shifts to D Lydian (D E F# G# A B C#, a rotation of A major), with an occasional non-scale note. • Béla Bartók (1881–1945), Mikrokosmos (1926, 1932–39): “In Dorian Mode” (volume 1, no. 32) (D white-key scale, except for the F# in the last measure) “In Phrygian Mode” (volume 1, no. 34) (E white-key scale) “In Lydian Mode” (volume 2, no. 37) (F white-key scale) “In Mixolydian Mode” (volume 2, no. 48) (G white-key scale) • Carlos Chávez (1899–1978), Ten Preludes for the Piano, no. 1 (1940). The music stays in E Phrygian (E white-key scale) throughout. • “Sabbath Prayer” (Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick, from Fiddler on the Roof, 1964). The original key is G Dorian (G A Bb C D E F, a rotation of F major). In the 1971 fea- ture film, it’s in F Dorian (F G Ab Bb C D Eb, a rotation of Eb major). • “Chava Sequence” (Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick, from Fiddler on the Roof, 1964). In the stage show the starting key is F Mixolydian (F G A Bb C D Eb, a rotation of Bb major), shifting to Eb Mixolydian (Eb F G Ab Bb C Db, a rotation of Ab major). In the 1971 film the song starts in Eb Mixolydian and changes more frequently. • “Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)” (The Beatles [John Lennon], from Rubber Soul, 1965). The main verse (e.g., roughly 0:00–0:30) uses the E Mixolydian mode (E F# G# A B C# D, a rotation of A major). • “Last Train to Clarksville” (The Monkees [Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart], from The Monkees, 1966). Ab Mixolydian (Ab Bb C Db Eb F Gb Ab, a rotation of Db major). • “Scarborough Fair” (traditional). The well-known version by Simon and Garfunkel (from Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme, 1966) is in E Dorian (E F# G A B C# D, a rotation of D major). 9780199975563_107-132.L08.indd 121 5/31/13 11:30 AM 2 LESSON 8: THE MAJOR MODE • “Tomorrow Never Knows” (The Beatles [John Lennon], from Revolver, 1966). C Mixolydian (C D E F G A Bb, a rotation of F major). • “Wooden Ships” (Crosby, Stills, and Nash [David Crosby, Stephen Stills, Paul Kantner], from Crosby, Stills, and Nash, 1969). The verse is in E Phrygian (E white-key scale). • “The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald” (Gordon Lightfoot, 1976), adapted from an Irish folk song, “Back Home in Derry.” B Mixolydian (B C# D# E F# G# A, a rotation of E major). • “Express Yourself” (Madonna [Stephen Bray, Madonna], from Like a Prayer, 1989). G Mixolydian (the G white-key scale). • “Telephone” (Lady Gaga, Beyoncé [Beyoncé, LaShawn Daniels, Lazonate Franklin, Rodney Jerkins, Lady Gaga], from The Fame Monster, 2009). F Dorian (F G Ab Bb C D Eb, a rotation of Eb major). melodies featuring the notes of a complete major scale, in order [# = ascending, $ = descending]: • George Frideric Handel (1685–1759), Water Music, Aria (1717). $ • Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), Violin Partita No. 3, Gigue (1720). # • Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), Italian Concerto, third movement (1735). # • Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 2, Prelude no. 23 in B major (1740). # • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), Symphony No. 31 in D Major (“Paris”), K. 297, first movement (1778). # • Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809), String Quartet in D Major, op. 64, no. 5 (“The Lark”), third movement (1790). # • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), Piano Concerto No. 1 in C Major, op. 15, first move- ment (1801). # • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), String Quartet in C Minor, op. 18, no. 4, second move- ment (1801). $ • Frederick Chopin (1810–1849), Mazurka in Bb Major, op. 7, no. 1 (1832). # • Johannes Brahms (1833–1897), Intermezzo, op. 117, no. 1 (1892). $ • Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), Symphony No. 1, first movement (1888). # Listen for the scale in the main theme beginning around 3:00. • “Joy to the World” (George Frideric Handel, Isaac Watts, adapted by Lowell Mason). $ 9780199975563_107-132.L08.indd 122 5/31/13 11:30 AM.