DOCUMENT- RESUME ED 247 128, SE 044.724 AUTHOR Redden, Martha Ross, Ed.; Stern, Virginia W., Ed. TITLE Technology for Independent Living II: Issues in Technology for Dat.ly 'Living, Education, and Employment. ProceeBings of the 1981 Workshops on Science and Technology for the Handicapped. .INSTITUTION American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO AAAS-83-16; JSBN-87168-264-8 PUB DATE. Dec 83 GRANT - NSF-OPA792`0290 NOTE 233p.; Based upon 'group participation and presentations given at three regional workshops on,n, Science and Techhology for the Handicapped, conve*AT. by the Ameridan Association for the Advancement of Science (La Jolla, MO; Rochester,.NY; MN;. 1981). AVAILABLE FROMProject on the Handicapped in Science, American Association for the Adirancement of Science, 1776 AassaChusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036 (limited ntriber available free of charge). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference. Proceedings, (02 ).) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS , *Accessibility (for Disabled); Chemistry; Computer. Oriented Programs; *Daily Living Skills; Design Requirements; nsisabilitiei; Elementary Secondary Education; *Employment; Higher Education; Physical Mobility; Science Education; *Sensory Aids; *Technology; Visually Handicapped Mobility; Workshops . IpENT'IFIERS National Sciende Foundation `-ABSTRACT. This book is based upon group participation and presentations given at three regional workshops on science and technology for the handicapped. The first workshop focused onissues in technology for daily living. Papers presented examinedsunh areas as daily living technology for thedisabled, psychological'aspects of rehabilitation engAneering, technology for recreation, andtechnology' for the living environment. The second workshop addressedissues in technology for,education: Papers presented consideredsuch areas as low-budget ideas for the visually impaired inscience,modifications of effective teaching of handicapped students,robotic manipulation aidslin rehabilitation, computer-assisted lipreading for the deaf, `:.--and closed captioning of motion /film for use on national television and for delayedbroadcast.by affiliates. Thethird workshop explored issues in technology fOr employment. Papers presentedconsidered such topics as barrier free office design., factorsin choosing technology for the job site, accessAo the total workenvironmento and, innovations in adaptive (equipment and job site modifications. Alist Of participants for the threeworkshops,-workshop goals, and workshop agenclis are included. (JN) U.S. DEPARTMENT OFEDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES CENTER-MR.1C) !it/This document hasbeenWzprtidi--Jcada.. received from the personor organization originating It. been made to improve LI Minor changers have reproduction quality. stated in this docu- Points of view or opinions repreient mentdonot necessarily position or policy. w "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS MATERIAL IN MICROFICHEONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." r Issues inTechn)ology for Daily Living, Education, and Employment OP Layout and Design by Aleford Owens Project on the Handicapped in Science American Association for the Advancementof Science , 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 (202) 467-4496 Voice/TDD Proceedings of the 1981 Worloriops on goience.and Technologypr the Handicapped La Jolla RocAester Minneal3olis 4 Project on the Handicapped in.Science . 1 American Association for the Advancement of Science . , . group participation and preep_ntationsgiven at three This book 149 based upon . and Technology for theHandicapped, con- regignal workshops on Sgience Foundation Grant No. vened by AAAS in 1981; and,funded by National Science 0PA7920290: do not necessarily reflect theviews or policies The contents of this publication trade names, con- of the AAAS or of the iiindingagency hor does mention of imply endorsement"by theU.S. Govern- . mercial products, or organizations rnent or AAAS. ISBN 87168-264-8 Library of Congress CatalogNumber 83-7368 AAAS Publications No. 83-16 . Copyright © 1983 by the American Association for theAdvancement ofScience 1776 plassachuSetts'Avenue,NW . Washington, DC 20036 Printed in USA A ti ti Contents FOREWORD. 111ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DESIGN, Background, 3 Group DiscussiOns and Action Plans -J Workshop Programs La Jolla 18 A Rochester 21." Minneapolis 24 PRESENTATIONS 27 1 ISSUES IN TECHNOLOGY FOR DAILY LIVING ,Daily Living-Technology for the Disabled: Can It Be a Viable Business? '31 Barry. Unger, John Rogers, Vernon Nickel,f Maktin Frank, James Marsters, george'Chandler Psychological Aspects of Rehabilitation Engineering 48 i Carolyn L. Vash An Engineering Department Looks\at Technology. for Disabled Persons 60 Robert Murphy, DaVid Ussll, Mitch HaPt, Robert CunnIngham Telhilology for Recreation 73 ester Land, Roy Gash, Marti-Hacker, Marri Peter Axelson Technology for the Living Environment 83 Raymond Lif6he2 Larry Leifer, Heidi McHugh,Pesiljeton, Chery4.Davis 2 ISSUES IN TECHNOLOGYFOR EDUCATION Low-Budget Ideas for the Visually'Impairedin Science 95* Dorothy Tombaugh Modifications of Effective Teaching of HandicappedStudent 101 Robert S. Menchel Talking and Voice Entry Computers .forthe'Themistry Lab 105 David Lunney and Robert C. Morrison. Robotic Manipulation Aids in Rehabilitation' 107 Larry J. ;Leifer . 121, Disabled EducatorsProject .Diane Merchant .-.. 'r Creating Accessible PrograMs: Some Guidelines for Identifying Needs and Selecting Assistiy6.Devicesfor 127 Handicapped College Studenta , Roy Nord . , . for the Deaf, . CoMputer-Assisted Lipreading Training . Interactive'Device (DAVID) 133 ,4Using the Dynamic Audio Video Donald G. Sims I.- Nos . National Television and for DelayedBroadcast by'Affiliates/ 141 .Robert H. Murray . 152 ' The USe of Speech Displays withthe Hearing Impaired Judith Braeges EMPLOYMENT 3 ISSUES IN TECHNOLOGY FOR - J59 Considerations in Choosinechnologyfor the Jbli Site Nancy Crewe 1 163 Skid Loader Modifications. for aQuadriplegic Farmer Jiri Vasa and Ian Hofford The DeVelopmen.of a Workplacefor a Visually Impaired Information'Specialist: One Case 'Harbert Rvert and Randy Black 4 179. Barrier Frge Office Design Jack M. East/ '182 Innovations in Adaptive Equipment and Job.Site0Modificbtions Don R. Warreli, . Skills Needed To Meet EMployment for, Disabled 193 the Needs of ,Employers Jack R. Clarcq Co4uter As a Multi -Task Tool by a Vocally Use of the 200 Impaired Accountant James R. Carlislb and RaymondFulford 205 Access to the TotalWorkEnvironment', Raymond Lifchez. vi PARTICIPANTS 211 Advisory Committee 213 La Jolla Workshop 215 Rochester Worksh-op 219 Minneapolis Workshop 223 Index to Authors and Presenters 226 0 A Foreword .1 This vOlume of selected papers is, the record of a milestone effort in our society to understand the role of engineering science and technology in the world of physically disabled individuals. Beyond,data, you will Come to see that people are the key element at all stages in' the development and delivery of assistive technology. As we begin to acknowledge that disabled people are, "expert witnesses" of their own needs, we must also recognize that technology has no value separate from the people who transform theory and practice into utilitarian devices. And, beyond individuals, both the technologistand'the disabled person work within a complex weof social/technical institutions that must be coordinated for the effective deliveryof-rehabilitation technology. To visualize the interaction betteen physical impairment, medicine and engineering we may examine The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (WHO Chronical,.Vol. 34, 1980, pp. 376-380) which defines three keY stages in the evolution of a handicap. Impairment: any loss or abnormality of.psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure-or function. Disability: any restriction or lack of ability resulting from an 'impairment to perform an activity in the manner ox within the range considered normal. Handicap: a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or a disability, 'that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal (dependingin age, sex, social and_cuLturalefactors) for that individual. The interaction between these, three'phases in the ddvelopment of .aphysical lhandicap are traced below. It is the primary role of the health careprofession °DISABILITY medicine. 441-.s\ engineering. enaineering medicine (with.backup from engineering) to minimize the progressionfrom impa4rment to science community seeks, disability: In a complimentary sense, the engineering with support from the medical profession, to reversethe tendency.for a disabil- ity to induce a handicap. When associated with impairment, the contributionof engineering, science'is: Often expressed as tools for diagnosisand treatment,"assistive technology." When directly applied to disability, it isexpressed ash tools for living, of our "assistive devices." 'Th evolution of humankind can be measured in terms .quite mastery of tools; Tools low us to control our environment in. whys machine beyond our native ability'. nd tools.have become machine tools and now tools have evolved hands. We a building general purpose programmable machines As ('robots) whoaeprimary functiOn i to manipulate other machines(manually). machines gain vision aud hearifig,they may servethe disabled