2 | P a g e 3 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 4 List of Acronyms 5 List of Tables 6 List of Figures 6 List of Annexes 7 Executive Summary 8 I. Overview of the Study 16 II . Discussion of Results and Findings 31 1. Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Non-ACF Covered Areas 31 1.1. Camarines Sur 31 1.2. Catanduanes 49 2. Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of ACF Covered Barangays 65 2.1. Barangay 1, Poblacion, Garchitorena, Camarines Sur 65 2.2. Hitoma, Caramoran, Catanduanes 70 3. Comparative Analysis of ACF and non-ACF Covered Areas 77 III . Recommendations 81 IV . References 86 4 | P a g e LIST OF ACRONYMS ACF Accion Contre La Faim ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre CBDRM Community -based Disaster Risk Management CDP Center for Disaster Preparedness CHVRA Comprehensive Household Vulnerability and Risk Assessment CPI Consumer Price Index DA Department of Agricultrue DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DND Department of National Defense DOT Department of Tourism DRM Disaster Risk Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development FGD Focus Group Discussion GIS Geographic Information System HDI Human Development Index IRA Internal Revenue Allotment KRA Key Result Area LGU Local Government Unit MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau N/R/P/M/BDCC National/Regional/Provincial/Municipal/Barangay Disaster Coordinating Council NEDA National Economic Development Authority NGO Non -government organization NSCB National Statistics Coordination Board NSO National Statistics Office OCD Office of Civil Defense PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration PCIC Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation PCVA Participatory Capacity and Vulnerability Assessment PEF Peace Equity Foundation PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PPP Purchasing Power of Peso ROSCAS Rotating Savings and Loans Association SOP Standard Operating Procedure UNDP United Nations Development Programme 5 | P a g e LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Catanduanes Table 2. Poverty Incidence and Other Social Indicators in Catanduanes Table 3. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents, Camarines Sur Table 4. Average household size and composition According to Income Sources in Camarines Sur Table 5. Type of roof and time needed before able to go back to livelihood Table 6. Type of roof and Time needed before able to go back to normal life Table 7. Type of wall and time needed to go back to livelihood after a disaster (%) Table 8. Access to potable water supply and sanitation in Camarines Sur (%) Table 9. Respondents’ description of infrastructure in their areas (%) Table 10. Source of Income and educational attainment in Camarines Sur (%) Table 11. Common diseases experienced during calamity by source of income Table 12. Frequency and effects of natural disasters in the past three years in Camarines Sur Table 13. Description of the Respondents and Their Households Table 14. Occupation and educational attainment in Catanduanes (%) Table 15. Common Diseases by Source of income in Catanduanes Table 16. Type of roof and time needed before able to go back to livelihood Table 17. Type of roof and Time needed before able to go back to normal life Table 18. Source of income and time needed before able to go back to livelihood Table 19. Source of income and time needed before able to go back to normal life after a disaster (%) Table 20. Demographic Characteristics Respondentsand Their Households Table 21. Demographic Characteristics Respondents and Their Households LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Sampling Frame Figure 2. Analytical Framework Figure 3. Map of Catanduanes Figure 4. Map of Camarines Sur Figure 5. Natural Calamities Experienced by Respondents, Camarines Sur Figure 6. Proximity of Houses to Natural Hazard-prone Areas Figure 7. Time Needed to Report to Source Livelihood (longest), Camarines Sur Figure 8. Time needed to return to normal life (longest), Camarines Sur Figure 9.Distribution of Respondent’s according to Source of Income, Camarines Sur Figure 10. Occupation by Type of Housing Materials, Camarines Sur Figure 11. Coping Mechanisms by Source of Income, Camarines Sur Figure 12. Common Diseases Experienced During Calamities, Camarines Sur Figure 13. Coping Mechanisms According to Respondent’s Occupation, Camarines Sur Figure 14. Post Disaster Assistance Received, Camarines Sur Figure 15. Savings by Occupation Type, Camarines Sur Figure 16. Source of Information on Disaster Warnings, Camarines Sur Figure 17. Preparedness and Mitigation Activities, Camarines Sur Figure 18. Prepared/Mitigation Activities Provided by GO/HO, Camarines Sur Figure 1. Preferred Evacuation Areas, Camarines Sur Figure 20. Frequency of Disaster Experienced by Respondents According to Income Source, Catanduanes Figure 21. Average Monthly Income According to Top Income Sources, Catanduanes 6 | P a g e Figure 22. Savings by Occupation Type, Catanduanes Figure 23. % Distribution on Access to Potable Water Supply, Catanduanes Figure 24. % Distribution of Respondents by Toilet Type, Catanduanes Figure 25. Type of Housing Materials by Occupation, Catanduanes Figure 26. Duration to Return to Livelihood & Normalcy After Disaster, Catanduanes Figure 27. Coping Mechanisms of Respondents, Catanduanes Figure 28. Information Source on Disaster Warnings, Catanduanes Figure 29. Preparednes & Mitigation Activities, Catanduanes Figure 30. Average Cost of Mitigation According to Occupation, Catanduanes Figure 31. Respondent's Preferred Evacuation Areas, Catanduanes Figure 32. Post-disaster Assistance Provided, Catanduanes Figure 33. Coping Mechanisms of Respondents, Bgy.1, Garchitorena, Camarines Sur Figure 34. Preparedness & Mitigation Activities, Bgy 1, Garchitrorena, Camarines Sur Figure 35. Coping Mechanisms of Respondents in Bgy. Hitoma, Catanduanes Figure 36. Preparedness & Mitigation Activities, Bgy. Hitoma, Catanduanes LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1. Classification of Municipalities based on Risk Levels Annex 2. Description of Surveyed Areas by Municipalities Annex 3. Structured Questionnaire for Vulnerability Analysis Survey Annex 4. Sample GIS Maps 7 | P a g e EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In August and December 2009, PlaNet Finance conducted a comprehensive household vulnerability and risk study in Catanduanes and Camarines Sur provinces in the Bicol region of the Philippines. The aim of the study was to improve the evidence base for disaster risk management (DRM) and initiate effective DRM practice of Disaster Coordinating Councils (DCCs) and community members in addressing and reducing the root causes of the vulnerabilities of the people in those provinces. The study was expected to complement and reinforce the on-going multi- hazard mapping and the Participatory Capacity and Vulnerability Assessment (PCVA) conducted by Action Against Hunger (ACF) in Bicol. The first part of the study involved barangays that are not recipients of assistance from ACF. The Camarines Sur municipalities of Cabusao, Bula, and Buhi and the Catanduanes municipalities of Baras, San Miguel, and Caramoran were chosen, representing small, medium, and large settlements, respectively. This was followed by a similar study covering a barangay each in Camarines Sur (Barangay 1, Poblacion in Garchitorena) and Catanduanes (Barangay Hitoma in Caramoran) that are recipients of assistance on disaster risk management from the ACF. In Annex 3 of this report are sample maps integrating the results into the GIS database of ACF. A separate copy in CD-ROM contains the all the key results from this study. The study utilized both primary and secondary data collection. Secondary data desk research was based from various studies commissioned by government agencies, i.e. PHIVOLCS and NGOs. This information was used to formulate the strategy behind the collection of primary data. Primary data were collected using a combination of approaches, including one-on-one interviews, key informant interviews, the gathering of expert opinion (Delphi method), focus group discussions (FGDs), and survey questionnaires. Presence of Hazards The people in all the survey areas are vulnerable to natural disasters. Due their geographic location and the topographic composition of the areas in which they live, almost all respondents in the survey are exposed to typhoons and heavy monsoon rains; strong winds, floods and landslides that accompany or result from the typhoons and monsoons have the greatest impact on homes, farms, fishing activities and small businesses resulting in damages to property and assets and loss in income. In non-ACF areas in Camarines Sur, 99% of the populations were adversely affected by typhoons, 58% by floods and 5% by landslides over the past three years. In non- ACF areas in Catanduanes, 60% were affected by typhoons, 30% by floods and 13% by landslides. For the ACF area in Camarines Sur, 96% have experienced typhoons and storm surges while more than 70% have experienced floods and drought. In the ACF area in Catanduanes, 100% have experienced typhoons, floods and storm 8 | P a g e surges. Fortunately, in all of the survey areas, injury or death due to natural disasters has been negligible (an average of less than 0.05) even though most of the respondents (more than 60%) live close to bodies of water like rivers, lakes and the sea. Based on the FGDs in all survey areas, there are several practices in their areas that the participants believe exacerbate the effects of natural disasters.