Algal Flora of Korea Algal Flora Algal Flora of Korea Volume 3, Number 1 Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae: Centrales Freshwater Diatoms I Vol. 3, Vol. No. 1 Freshwater Diatoms Freshwater I Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources NIBR Ministry of Environment Russia CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB JB GN JN JJ South Sea Algal Flora of Korea Volume 3, Number 1 Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae: Centrales Freshwater Diatoms I Acknowledgement This work was derived from the “Flora and Fauna of Korea” project supported by the National Institute of Biological Resources, the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Algal Flora of Korea Volume 3, Number 1 Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae: Centrales Freshwater Diatoms I Gyeongje Joh School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Inje University Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Copyright 2010 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Gyeongseo-dong, Seo-gu Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 978-89-94555-15-7-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000069-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Chong-chun Kim Editor : Sook Shin Reviewer : Hans U. Dahms, John Christopher Priesing Project Staff : Youn-Bong Ku, Chang-Hwan Bae, Moon-Soo Lim Published on April 23, 2010 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Preface In the wake of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which recognized national sover- eignty over indigenous biological and genetic resources when adopted in 1992, countries around the world have been putting their best foot forward in unearthing raw biological materials reckoned as one of the crucial resources upon which national competitiveness depends to a great extent in the 21st century. Being well aware of the priority of securing and managing biological resources, the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) under the Korean Ministry of Environment decided to issue the Flora and Fauna of Korea in an attempt to attain systematic management and comprehensive conservation of biological resources at the national level. Endowed with diverse landscapes involving a wide range of topographic conditions, Korea is acclaimed as one of the nations with high levels of biological diversity. Purporting to establish a thorough record on national indigenous species, the NIBR embarked on the publication of the Flora and Fauna of Korea in Korean and English detailing those species inhabiting the Korean peninsula in 2006. Our dedication to research during the past three years led by a group of professionals in the field of systematics finally came to fruition with issuance of the first of a kind monograph for Korean animals, fungi and algae encompassing approximately 1,037 species in 158 families belonging to 9 phyla. It is my firm belief that this very first national the Flora and Fauna of Korea is indeed the culmination of our persevering scientific research efforts aimed at deepening our understanding on native species and acutely identifying Korean biota. It will not only serve as an important initiative for sustainable biodiversity conservation but also a catalyst for rational and far-sighted use of biological resources. I would like to extend my utmost gratitude to the team of over 29 professors and associated experts headed by Prof. Sook Shin of Sahmyook University for their unsparing efforts in producing this groundbreaking work. I earnestly hope that on-going publication of the Flora and Fauna of Korea initiated by the Ministry of Environment will significantly contribute to unveiling all Korean native species estimated up to 100,000 and expanding wise utilization of beneficial indigenous resources. Chong-chun Kim, Ph. D. President NIBR 1 Contents List of Taxa 3 Introduction 5 Materials and Methods 11 Taxonomic Notes 13 1. Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer 19 2. Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen 22 3. Aulacoseira ambigua f. japonica Tuji and Williams 27 4. Aulacoseira crenulata (Ehrenberg) Thwaites 30 5. Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen 32 6. Aulacoseira granulata f. spiralis (Hustedt) Czarnecki and Reinke 37 7. Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O. Müller) Simonsen 39 8. Aulacoseira laevissima (Grunow) Krammer 41 9. Aulacoseira muzzanensis (Meister) Krammer 43 10. Aulacoseira nygaardii (Camburn) Camburn and Charles 45 11. Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Müller) Harworth 48 12. Aulacoseira tethera Haworth 51 13. Cyclotella asterocostata Lin, Xie and Cai 57 14. Cyclotella atomus Hustedt 59 15. Cyclotella fottii Hustedt 62 16. Cyclotella glomerata Bachmann 63 17. Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing 64 18. Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hustedt 68 19. Cyclotella radiosa (Grunow) Lemmermann 70 20. Cyclotella stelligera (Cleve and Grunow) Van Heurck 71 21. Cyclotella woltereckii Hustedt 73 22. Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round 76 23. Cyclostephanos invisitatus (Hohn and Hellerman) Theriot, Stoermer and Håkansson 79 24. Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow 83 25. Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis (Hustedt) Håkansson and Stoermer 85 26. Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer and Håkansson 92 27. Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenberg) Håkansson and Locker 95 28. Thalassiosira faurii (Gasse) Hasle 97 29. Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell and Hasle 98 30. Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle 101 31. Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge 104 32. Melosira moniliformis (O. F. Müller) Agardh 109 33. Melosira nummuloides (Dillwyn) Agardh 111 34. Melosira varians Agardh 113 35. Orthoseira roeseana (Rabenhorst) O’Meara 117 36. Actinocyclus normanii (Gregory) Hustedt 120 2 Algal Flora of Korea·Freshwater Diatoms I 37. Rhizosolenia longiseta Zacharias 123 38. Hydrosera whampoensis (Schwartz) Deby 127 39. Acanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen 131 40. Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann 134 41. Pleurosira laevis (Ehrenberg) Compère 136 Literature Cited 140 Index to Korean Names 158 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 159 Index to Scientific Names 160 3 List of Taxa Class Bacillariophyceae Order Centrales Suborder Coscinodiscineae Family Thalassiosiraceae Lebour 1930, emend. Hasle 1973 Genus Aulacoseira Thwaites 1848 Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer 1991 Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen 1979 Aulacoseira ambigua f. japonica Tuji and Williams 2007 Aulacoseira crenulata (Ehrenberg) Thwaites 1848 Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen 1979 Aulacoseira granulata f. spiralis (Hustedt) Czarnecki and Reinke 1982 Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima (O. Müller) Simonsen 1979 Aulacoseira laevissima (Grunow) Krammer 1991 Aulacoseira muzzanensis (Meister) Krammer 1991 Aulacoseira nygaardii (Camburn) Camburn and Charles 2000 Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Müller) Harworth 1990 Aulacoseira tethera Haworth 1988 Genus Cyclotella Kützing ex de Brébisson 1838 Cyclotella asterocostata Lin, Xie and Cai 1985 Cyclotella atomus Hustedt 1937 Cyclotella fottii Hustedt 1933 Cyclotella glomerata Bachmann 1911 Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing 1844 Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hustedt 1939 Cyclotella radiosa (Grunow) Lemmermann 1892 Cyclotella stelligera (Cleve and Grunow) Van Heurck 1882 Cyclotella woltereckii Hustedt 1942 Genus Cyclostephanos Round 1987, description in Round 1982 Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round 1982 Cyclostephanos invisitatus (Hohn and Hellerman) Theriot, Stoermer and Håkansson 1987 Genus Stephanodiscus Ehrenberg 1845 Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow 1880 Stephanodiscus hantzschii f. tenuis (Hustedt) Håkansson and Stoermer 1984 Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer and Håkansson 1984 Genus Thalassiosira Cleve 1873 Thalassiosira bramaputrae (Ehrenberg) Håkansson and Locker 1981 Thalassiosira faurii (Gasse) Hasle 1978 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell and Hasle 1977 Genus Skeletonema Greville 1865 Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle 1976 Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge 1928 4 Algal Flora of Korea·Freshwater Diatoms I Family Melosiraceae Kützing 1824 Genus Melosira Agardh 1824 Melosira moniliformis (O. F. Müller) Agardh 1824 Melosira nummuloides (Dillwyn) Agardh 1824 Melosira varians Agardh 1827 Genus Orthoseira Thwaites 1848 Orthoseira roeseana (Rabenhorst) O’Meara 1875 Family Hemidiscaceae Hendey 1937 emend. Simonsen 1975 Genus Actinocyclus Ehrenberg 1837 Actinocyclus normanii (Gregory) Hustedt 1957 Suborder Rhizosoleniineae Family Rhizosoleniaceae Petit 1888 Genus Rhizosolenia Ehrenberg 1843: 402; emend. Brightwell 1858 Rhizosolenia longiseta Zacharias 1893 Family Biddulphiaceae Kützing 1844 Genus Hydrosera Wallich 1858 Hydrosera