CO2 Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery: Incremental Recovery and Associated CO2 Storage Potential in Alberta Summary Report December 2009 Project Managers: Quinn Goretzky, Blaine Hawkins Project Team: Alberta Research Council Art Danielson Xiaohui Deng Quinn Goretzky Blaine Hawkins Git Lim Yongnuan Liu Ashok Singhal Alex Turta Mafiz Uddin Sam Wong Computer Modelling Group Inc. Adel Hammouda Satya Singh Fraser Skoreyko Divestco, Inc Peter Dankers David Shaw Silvertip Ventures Brian Ness SNC Lavalin Doug McDonald Sproule Associates Limited Chris Galas Vikor Energy Inc. Derril Stephenson Alberta Research Council (now part of Alberta Innovates – Technology Futures) Calgary Office: 3608 – 33 St. N.W. Edmonton Office: 250 Karl Clark Road Calgary, AB, Canada T2L 2A6 Edmonton, AB, Canada T6N 1E4 Tel: (403) 210-5222 Fax: (403) 210-5380 Tel: (780) 450-5111 Fax: (780) 450-5333 CO2 Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery Summary Report December, 2009 Incremental Recovery and CO2 Storage Potential in Alberta NOTICE This Report was prepared as an account of work conducted at the Alberta Research Council Inc, which is now part of ALBERTA INNOVATES - TECHNOLOGY FUTURES ("AITF") on behalf of the Alberta Department of Energy. Effective January 1, 2010, all contractual rights, obligations, assets, and liabilities of Alberta Research Council Inc. have been transferred, by law, to Alberta Innovates – Technology Futures, a corporation created by Ministerial Order pursuant to Section 14(4) of the Alberta Research and Innovation Act; All reasonable efforts were made to ensure that the work conforms to accepted scientific, engineering and environmental practices, but AITF makes no other representation and gives no other warranty with respect to the reliability, accuracy, validity or fitness of the information, analysis and conclusions contained in this Report. Any and all implied or statutory warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose are expressly excluded. Reference herein to any specified commercial product, process or service by trade-name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply an endorsement or recommendation by AITF. This report and its contents, the project in respect of which it is submitted and the conclusions and recommendations arising from it, do not necessarily reflect the view of the Government of Alberta, its officers, employees or agents. The Government of Alberta, its officers, employees or agents, and consultants make no warranty, express or implied, representation or otherwise, in respect of this report or its contents. The Government of Alberta, its officers, employees and agents and consultants are exempted and absolved from all liability for damage or injury, howsoever caused, to any person in connection with or arising out of the use for any purpose fo this report or its contents. Any authorized copy of this Report distributed to a third party shall include an acknowledgement that the Report was prepared by AITF and shall give appropriate credit to AITF and the authors of the Report. Copyright AITF 2010. All rights reserved. Alberta Research Council ii CO2 Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery Summary Report December, 2009 Incremental Recovery and CO2 Storage Potential in Alberta TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Notice ............................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures................................................................................................................... v List of Tables.................................................................................................................... vii Nomenclature................................................................................................................... xii 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Background of project ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Project Objectives and Overall Approach ................................................................. 2-2 2.2 Task Definition .......................................................................................................... 2-3 3.0 TASK1: IDENTIFICATION OF PROTOTYPES AND ANALOGUE GROUPINGS .......... 3-1 3.1 Selection of Prototypes ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Selection of Simulation Areas ................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Analogue Groupings ................................................................................................. 3-3 4.0 TASK 2: NUMERICAL MODELING OF PROTOTYPES ................................................ 4-1 4.1 Pembina Cardium with Conglomerate Prototype ...................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Geological Model ........................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Numerical Model ............................................................................................ 4-2 4.1.3 History Match ................................................................................................. 4-4 4.1.4 Base Case Forecast ...................................................................................... 4-6 4.1.5 CO2 EOR Forecasts ...................................................................................... 4-7 4.1.6 Area Models ................................................................................................... 4-8 4.2 Pembina Cardium Without Thief Zone Conglomerate .............................................. 4-11 4.2.1 Geological Model............................................................................................ 4-11 4.2.2 Numerical Model ............................................................................................ 4-13 4.2.3 History Match ................................................................................................. 4-13 4.2.4 Base Case Forecast ...................................................................................... 4-15 4.2.5 CO2 EOR Forecasts ...................................................................................... 4-16 4.2.6 Area Models ................................................................................................... 4-17 4.3 Beaverhill Lake Waterflooded Prototype .................................................................. 4-18 4.3.1 Geological Model ........................................................................................... 4-18 4.3.2 Numerical Model ............................................................................................ 4-20 4.3.3 History Match ................................................................................................. 4-20 4.3.4 Base Line Forecast ........................................................................................ 4-22 4.3.5 CO2 EOR Forecasts ...................................................................................... 4-22 4.3.6 Area Models ................................................................................................... 4-23 4.4 Beaverhill Lake Ssolvent Fooded Prototype (Swan Hills) ........................................ 4-26 4.4.1 Geological Model ........................................................................................... 4-26 4.4.2 Numerical Model ............................................................................................ 4-27 4.4.3 History Match ................................................................................................. 4-28 4.4.4 Base Case Forecast ...................................................................................... 4-29 4.4.5 CO2 EOR Forecasts ...................................................................................... 4-29 4.4.6 Area Models ................................................................................................... 4-30 Alberta Research Council iii CO2 Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery Summary Report December, 2009 Incremental Recovery and CO2 Storage Potential in Alberta TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONCLUDED) Page 4.5 D-2/D-3 Field Prototype (Redwater Pool) ................................................................. 4-32 4.5.1 Geological Model ........................................................................................... 4-32 4.5.2 Numerical Model ............................................................................................ 4-33 4.5.3 History Match ................................................................................................. 4-33 4.5.4 Base Case Forecast ...................................................................................... 4-35 4.5.5 CO2 EOR Forecasts ...................................................................................... 4-35 4.5.6 Area Models ................................................................................................... 4-37 5.0 TASK 3: DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR PROTOTYPES ................................................ 5-1 5.1 Development Plan Cost Factors ................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 Development Plans ..................................................................................................