The 14th Century: A Time of Transition – Unit 9 General Events: 1299 Ottoman Turk dynasty founded 1303 Philip the Fair of France humiliates Pope Boniface VIII 1309 “Babylonian Captivity” of the papacy at Avignon begins 1326 Earliest known use of a canon 1337-1453 “Hundred Years War” between France and England 1346-1378 Reign of Charles IV, Holy Roman emperor 1346 English defeat French at Crecy 1348 Bubonic plague depopulates Europe 1356 English defeat the French at Poitiers 1363—1404 Reign of Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy 1376 Pope returns to Rome from Avignon 1377-1399 Reign of Richard II in England 1378 “Great Schism” begins 1381 Peasant riots (“Wat Tyler Rebellion”) in England 1399-1413 Reign of Henry IV in England 1413 English defeat the French at Agincourt 1417 Council of Constance ends “Great Schism” with election of Pope Martin V Literature and Philosophy: c. 1303-1321 Dante, Divine Comedy 1348-1352 Boccaccio, Decameron, a collection of tales during time of plague After 1350 Petrarch compiles collection of poems 1373 Petrarch writes autobiography, Letter to Posterity c. 1377 Wycliffe active in English church reform; translates the Bible into English c. 1385-1400 Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales c. after 1389 Christine de Pisan, The City of Women Art: 13th cent Dependence on Byzantine models in Italian painting c. 1280-1290 Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned; Crucifix, Arezzo c. 1300 New naturalism in Italian painting appears with the work of Giotto, followed by others c. 1347-1360 Prague, as residence of of Charles IV, becomes major art center c. 1363 Court of dukes of Burgundy at Dijon becomes important center of International Style c. 1377-1413 Wilton Diptych 1413-1416 Limbourg Brothers, illustrations for Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry Architecture: 1288-1309 Palazzo Publico, Siena 1295 Santo Croce, Florence, begun 1296 Florence Cathedral (Duomo) begun 1298 Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, begun 1332-1357 Gloucester Cathedral choir (“perpendicular” style) c. 1345-1438 Doge’s Palace, Venice 1386 Duomo of Milan begun Music: 14th cent. Secular music flourishes 1325 Vitry, Ars Nova Musicae, treatise describing new system of musical notation After 1337 Machaut, Messe de Notre Dame, first complete polyphonic setting of the Ordinary of the Mass c. 1350 Landini becomes famous as performer (organist) and composer of madrigals and ballads .