Urban Drought Guidebook 2008 Updated Edition

<a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs" target="_blank">Publications (WR) </a>2008 <a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water" target="_blank">Water Resources </a>Urban drought guidebook 2008 updated edition State of California Follow this and additional works at: <a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">https:</a><a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">/</a><a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">/</a><a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs </a> Part of the <a href="/goto?url=http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/168?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">Natural Resources and Conservation Commons</a>, <a href="/goto?url=http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/170?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">Natural Resources Management and </a> <a href="/goto?url=http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/170?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">Policy Commons</a>, and the <a href="/goto?url=http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/1057?utm_source=digitalscholarship.unlv.edu%2Fwater_pubs%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages" target="_blank">Water Resource Management Commons </a>Repository Citation State of California (2008). Urban drought guidebook 2008 updated edition. 1-208. Available at: <a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs/3" target="_blank">https:</a><a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs/3" target="_blank">/</a><a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs/3" target="_blank">/</a><a href="/goto?url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs/3" target="_blank">digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/water_pubs/3 </a>This Report is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Report in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Report has been accepted for inclusion in Publications (WR) by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact <a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>. Urban Drought Guidebook 2008 Updated Edition State of California Department of Water Resources Office of Water Use Efficiency and Transfers Cover Photo Lake Mead, storing Colorado River water that supplies irrigation and domestic water to much of Southern California at 50 percent capacity, winter 2007. Photo by Andy Pernick , U.S. Bureau of Reclamation photographer. If you need this publication in an alternate form, contact the Equal Opportunity and Management Investigations Of fi ce at TDD 1-800-653-6934, or Voice 1-800-653-6952. 2Foreword To help local agencies and communities prepare for the possibility of another dry year and possible water supply interruptions, the Department of Water Resources is pleased to publish this updated version of the Urban Drought Guidebook. Drought, climate change, natural disasters, and environmental protections can all affect water supplies. Good planning and preparation can help agencies maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. We, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the California Urban Water Conservation Council worked together on the guidebook to provide technical assistance to local water suppliers. As water suppliers review and update their Water Shortage Contingency Plans, we hope the new information and examples of exceptional efforts by water suppliers throughout California and the United States will be useful. The wide array of approaches presented in the guidebook reflects the variable water supply and demand scenarios from one end of the state to the other. Accordingly, water suppliers will be able to use this guidebook to design programs that reflect local and regional conditions. Sincerely, Lester A. Snow DWR Director 3State of California Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor The Resources Agency Mike Chrisman, Secretary for Resources Department of Water Resources Lester A. Snow, Director <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Kasey Schimke </li><li style="flex:1">Susan Sims-Teixeira </li><li style="flex:1">David Sandino </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Asst. Dir. Legislative Affairs Acting Chief/Deputy Director </li><li style="flex:1">Chief Counsel </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Mark W. Cowin </li><li style="flex:1">David Gutierrez </li><li style="flex:1">Timothy Haines </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Deputy Director </li><li style="flex:1">Acting Deputy Director </li><li style="flex:1">Deputy Director </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Reuben A. Jimenez </li><li style="flex:1">Gerald E. Johns </li><li style="flex:1">Ralph Torres </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Deputy Director </li><li style="flex:1">Deputy Director </li><li style="flex:1">Deputy Director </li></ul>Rick Soehren Chief, Office of Water Use Efficiency and Transfers This report was prepared in cooperation with: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation California Urban Water Conservation Council Editorial review, graphics, and report production Under direction of Gretchen Goettl, Supervisor of Technical Publications, research writers: Nikki Blomquist James Joelson Patricia Cornelius Carole Rains Mike Durant Marilee Talley 4Acknowledgments The Department of Water Resources is grateful for the participation and cooperation of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the California Urban Water Conservation Council in updating the Urban Drought Guidebook. We are also thankful for the local water suppliers who hosted the 11 Urban Drought Workshops in September and October 2007. The guidebook was updated by consultants Larry Farwell and Marsha Prillwitz with the active participation of the “Drought Team,” representing DWR, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Council. Members of the team included: Manucher Alemi Dave Todd Department of Water Resources Department of Water Resources <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Tracy Slavin </li><li style="flex:1">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Mid-Pacific Region </li></ul>U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Mid-Pacific Region U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Mid-Pacific Region U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region California Urban Water Conservation Council California Urban Water Conservation Council California Urban Water Conservation Council Kevin Clancy Dave Woolley William J. Steele Meena Westford Debra Whitney Steve Jones Chris Brown Katie Shulte Joung Heather Woodford Special thanks go to the National Drought Mitigation Center staff for its review of this guidebook. 5 6Acronyms and Abbreviations <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">AF </li><li style="flex:1">Acre Feet </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">AFY </li><li style="flex:1">Acre Feet Per Year </li></ul>AWE AWWA Alliance for Water Efficiency American Water Works Association <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">BMPs </li><li style="flex:1">Best Management Practices </li></ul>CCWD CEQA CII CLCA CPUC Council CVPIA CVP Contra Costa Water District California Environmental Quality Act Commercial, Industrial, Institutional California Landscape Contractors Association California Public Utilities Commission California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) Central Valley Project Improvement Act Central Valley Project DEP DHS DWR Department of Environmental Protection Department of Health Services (California) Department of Water Resources EBMUD ET East Bay Municipal Utility District Evapotranspiration GIS GPCD GPD Geographic Information System Gallons per Capita per Day Gallons per Day GPDD GPDC GPDA GPDE GPF Gallons per Day per Dwelling Unit Gallons per Day per Connection Gallons per Day per Irrigated Acre Gallons per Day per Employee Gallons per Flush <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">GPM </li><li style="flex:1">Gallons per Minute </li></ul>HET HCF High Efficiency Toilets Hundred Cubic Feet <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">IA </li><li style="flex:1">Irrigation Association </li></ul>ICI IWU Industrial, Commercial, Institutional Indoor Water Use <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">LADWP </li><li style="flex:1">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power </li></ul>7Acronyms and Abbreviations (continued) <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">MGD </li><li style="flex:1">Million Gallons Per Day </li></ul>MMWD MWDSC MWDOC Marin Municipal Water District Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Municipal Water District of Orange County NDMC NOAA NWS National Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service OES PUC Office of Emergency Services (California) Public Utilities Commission (California) Reclamation U.S. Bureau of Reclamation <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">RO </li><li style="flex:1">Residential Occupancy </li></ul>SCWA SDCWA SFPUC SPU Sonoma County Water Agency San Diego County Water Authority San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Seattle Public Utilities <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">SWP </li><li style="flex:1">State Water Project </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">SWRCB </li><li style="flex:1">State Water Resources Control Board </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">TWDB </li><li style="flex:1">Texas Water Development Board </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">UAW </li><li style="flex:1">Unaccounted for Water </li></ul><ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">ULF </li><li style="flex:1">Ultra Low Flush </li></ul>USGS UWMPA United States Geological Survey Urban Water Management Planning Agency WARN WC Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network Water Code WCI WCM WSCP Water Conservation Initiative Water Conservation Manager Water Shortage Contingency Plan 8Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................5 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................7 Introduction..................................................................................................................15 Definition of a Drought........................................................................................... 16 Water Shortage Contingency Planning .............................................................. 16 Drought-Related Regulations and Planning Requirements............................... 16 Declaration of Water Shortage Emergencies—California Water Code Sections 350-359 and Government Code Sections 8550-8551.................... 16 Proposition 218................................................................................................... 18 Urban Water Management Planning Act...................................................... 18 Integrated Regional Management Plans ...................................................... 18 Involve the Public .................................................................................................. 19 7-Step Planning and Implementation Process.................................................... 19 Water Shortage Contingency Planning Checklist.............................................. 21 STEP 1: Establish a Water Shortage Response Team.................................................25 Selecting the Water Shortage Response Team .................................................. 25 Setting Agency Priorities ........................................................................................ 27 Maintaining Momentum........................................................................................ 27 Coordinate, Cooperate and Communicate...................................................... 27 STEP 2: Forecast Supply in Relation to Demand........................................................29 I. Data Collection.................................................................................................... 29 Supply Data ....................................................................................................... 29 Demand Data ................................................................................................... 30 9Contents (continued) II. Data Analysis....................................................................................................... 31 Supply Data Analysis (projected dry-year supply without augmentation) 31 Water Quality Data Analysis ............................................................................ 31 Water Demand Data Analysis (projected dry-year demand without demand reduction programs) ........................................................................ 32 III. Is There a Predicted Shortage? ........................................................................ 33 Cooperate with other Agencies........................................................................... 34 Actions by Water Wholesalers ......................................................................... 35 Actions by Retail Water Suppliers.................................................................... 35 IV. Catastrophic Supply Interruptions................................................................... 36 Preparing for Uncertainty................................................................................. 37 STEP 3: Balance Supply and Demand: Assess Mitigation Options..........................39 Supply Augmentation Methods............................................................................ 39 Increase existing supplies, draw from reserves and develop new supplies.. 40 Increase Supplier Water Use Efficiency .......................................................... 41 Demand Reduction ............................................................................................... 43 Public Information Campaign .............................................................................. 44 Restrictions............................................................................................................... 45 Water Waste Ordinances................................................................................. 46 Landscape Irrigation Ordinances ................................................................... 46 Possible Exemptions from Water Use Restrictions ............................................... 51 Pricing ...................................................................................................................... 51 Inclining Block Rate........................................................................................... 52 Seasonal Rates .................................................................................................. 53 Uniform Rate ...................................................................................................... 53 Drought Surcharge............................................................................................ 53 Excess Use Charge............................................................................................ 53 Unmetered Suppliers and Pricing.................................................................... 56 Rationing Allocations ............................................................................................. 56 Enforcement............................................................................................................ 62 10 Contents (continued) Education, Citations and Fines ............................................................................. 62 Flow Restrictors........................................................................................................ 64 Feedback to Customers ........................................................................................ 64 STEP 4: Establish Triggering Levels..............................................................................65 Trigger Mechanisms................................................................................................ 65 Define Trigger Mechanisms.............................................................................. 65 Causes of Delaying Implementation of a Stage........................................... 66 Include Flexibility..................................................................................................... 69 Criteria for Curtailment during a Water Shortage ............................................. 70 STEP 5: Develop a Staged Demand Reduction Program.........................................73 Establish Stages....................................................................................................... 73 Measures.................................................................................................................. 74 Evaluate Demand Reduction Measures.............................................................. 81 Evaluate Water Saved by Staged Reductions ................................................... 81 Lag Time Issues........................................................................................................ 87

Urban Drought Guidebook 2008 Updated Edition

Details

Download

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

Support