HARVARIT'UNIVERSITY Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology The Great Basin Naturalist VOLUME 34, 1974 Editor: Stkphen L. Wood Published at Brigham Young University, by Brigham Young University . TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 34 Number 1 — March 31, 1974 Numeric analysis of the lizard genus Sceloporus with spe- cial reference to cranial osteology. Kenneth R. Larsen and Wilmer W. Tanner 1 The generic name of the North American musk turtles. Hobart M. Smith and Kenneth R. Larsen 42 Studies on the tolerance of aquatic insects to low oxygen concentrations. Arden R. Gaufin, Robert Clubb, and Robert Newell 45 Substrate color matching in the grasshopper, Circotettix rabula (Orthoptera: Acrididae). George W. Cox and Darla G. Cox 60 Effects of chemicals on the germination of pollen grains of Torenia asiatica Linn. E. M. V. Nambudiri and M. K. Thomas 71 An unusual spider bite. D. M. Allred 82 Number 2 — June 30, 1974 The species of Calineuria and Doroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Bill P. Stark and Arden R. Gaufin 83 The name of the Baja California Cape wormsnake. Hobart M. Smith and Kenneth R. Larsen 94 Contributions to the concepts of reproductive cycles and the systematics of the scalaris group of the lizard genus Sceloporus. Hobart M. Smith and William P. Hall 97 Growth and development of the western harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys niegalotis megalotis. Gary H. Rich- ins, H. Duane Smith, and Clive D. Jorgensen 105 Body size, body composition, and behavior of juvenile Belding ground squirrels. Martin L. Morton, Cathe- rine S. Maxwell, and Charles E. Wade 121 New species of American Corthylini (Coleoptera: Scolyti- dae). Stephen L. Wood 135 The anatomy and taxonomy of Vnnclevea ( Asteraceae) Loran C. Anderson and Phillip S. Weberg 151 A revision of the Echidiocarya section of Plagiobothrys (Boraginaceae) . Larry C. Higgins 161 Number 3 — Sept. 30, 1974 ) Studies on the biology and ecolog}- of the northern scorpi- C on, Paruroctonus boreus (Girard). Gregor}' Ira Tourtlotte 167 Notes on three varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus (Legu- minosae). Carol S. Schoener 180 New species of American Corthylus (Coleoptera: Scolyti- dae). Stephen L. Wood 181 Notes on Viscainopelmatus davewerneri (Orthoptera: Gryllacridadae, vStenopelmatinae) from the Viscaino Desert, Baja CaHfornia Sur, Mexico. Ernest R. Tink- ham, Clark R. Mahrdt, and Benjamin H. Banta 203 The nustrina group of the genus Microvelia (Hemiptera: Veliidae). John T. Polhemus 207 Additional records of Coleoptera collected at the Nevada Test Site, Mercury, Nevada. Vasco M. Tanner and Wilmer W. Tanner 218 A summary of biological investigations concerning the Great ^Salt Lake, Utah (1861-1973). Doyle W. Stephens 221 A new variety of Penstemon thurberi (Scrophulariaceae). James L. Reveal and Janice C. Beatley 230 A new sceloporine lizard from Oaxaca, Mexico. Marlene M. Dasmann and Hobart M. Smith 231 Range extension of the long-nosed snake, Rhinochcilus 1. lecontei, into east-central Utah. William L. Grogan, Jr., and Wilmer W. Tanner 238 Description of a Phyllorhynchus from Cerrovalo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Arnold L. Powers and Benjamin H. Banta - 241 Two new varieties of Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) from the Intermountain region. James L. Reveal 245 Number 4 — December 31, 1974 Field behavior and seasonal acti^ itv of the rodent bot fly, Cuterebra tenebrosa^ in central Washington (Diptera: Cuterebridae) . Craig R. Baird 247 Notes on the spotted bat {Euderma maculatum) from southwest Utah. Richard M. Poche and Geoffrey L. Bailie 254 The significance of scale characters in evaluation of the lizard genera Gerrhonotits, Elgaria, and Barisia. James W. Waddick and ITobart M. Smith 257 Revegetation of gopher mounds on aspen range in Utah. W. T. McDonough 267 Observation on voice in the western collared lizard, Crotaphytus collaris bicinctores. Nathan M. Smith 276 New synonymy and records of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Stephen L. Wood 277 Description of new species of Milodcres Casey, with com- ments on other species in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) . Vasco M. Tanner 291 Revision of the plant genus Geranium in Utah. Glen T. Nebeker 297 Utah plant novelties in Astragalus and Yucca. Stanley L. Welsh : 305 A new combination in Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae). James L. Reveal - 311 Dominance relationships of the dark kangaroo mouse {Mi- crodipodops rnegacephalus) and the little pocket mouse {Perognathus longimembris) in captivity. Andrew R. Blaustein and Arthur C. Risser, Jr 312 List of insect type specimens in the entomological collec- tion of the Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, No. V. Vasco M. Tanner 317 Volume j4, ino. i March 31, 1974 The Great Basin mmwjm Brioham YnrjNf; TJ? GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Editor: Stephen L. Wood, Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Editorial Board: Stanley L. Welsh, Botany, Chairman; Wilmer W. Tanner, Zoology; Joseph R. Murdock, Botany; Vemon J. Tipton, Zoology; Ferron L. Andersen, Zoology Ex officio Editorial Board Members-. A. Lester Allen, Dean, College of Biological and Agricul- tural Sciences Ernest L. Olson, Director, University Press, University Editor The Great Basin Naturalist was founded in 1939 by Vasco M. Tanner. It has been continuously published from one to four times a year since then by Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. In general, only original, previously unpublished manuscripts pertain- ing to ^e biological natural history of the Great Basin and western North America will be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the ap- proval of the editor. SuBscBiPTioN: The annual subscription is $5.00 (outside the United States $5.50). The price for single numbers is $2.00 each. All matters pertaining to toe purchase of subscriptions and back numbers should be directed to Brigham Young University Press, Publication Sales, 205 UPB, Provo, Utah 84601. libraries or other organizations interested in obtaining this journal through a contin- uing exchange of scholarly publications should contact the Brigham Yoimg University Exchange Librarian, The Library, Provo, Utah 84601. Manuscripts: AU manuscripts and other copy for the Great Basin Naturalist should be addressed to the editor. Contributors should consult the instructions printed on the back cover of a recent number. The Great Basin Naturalist Published at Provo, Utah, by Brigham Young University Volume 34 March 31, 1974 No. 1 NUMERIC ANALYSIS OF THE LIZARD GENUS SCELOPORUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CRANIAL OSTEOLOGY Kenneth R. Larsen^-^ and Wilmer W. Tanner^ Abstract.— Numerical statistical methods were used to analyze the species in the genus Sceloporus using cranial osteology, external meristic and numeric characters, karyology, display behavior, and geographic distribution. A new classification for the genus is proposed with three major branches or groups. Group I contains 7 species in 3 species groups. Group II contains approxi- mately 19 species in 5 species groups. Group III contains approximately 32 species in 5 species groups. This classification is supported by the cluster analysis of several different sets of data. Cranial osteology, zoogeography, behavior, and karyology are shown to be taxonomically significant as nvuneric characters. Step- wise discriminate analysis shows that this classification of the species of Sceloporus into 3 major groups and 13 species groups is significant at the .999 confidence level: It is concluded that the 3 major groups should be given taxonomic recogni- tion. Cope (1900) stated, "The distinction of many of the species of this genus [Sceloporus] is not accomplished without difficulty. I recommend it as an excellent piece de resistance for those persons who do not believe in the doctrine of derivation of species." This statement was endorsed by Hobart Smith (1938:548-49): Sceloporus is one of the most nearly ideal of living genera of reptiles for the study of speciation and related phenomena. The characteristics which it possesses and which are essential to an ideal genus for such studies are: 1 A large number of living forms. 2. Prolificity. Where Sceloporus occurs, usually it is the most common of all reptiles, or for that matter, of all vertebrates. 3. A large range, entirely contiguous. The genus occupies practically all of the United States, and occurs as far south as Panama. 4. Great adaptability. Species in this genus have adapted themselves to considerable range of elevation—from below sea level (Death Valley) to about 13,500 feet above sea level. They occur in almost every conceivable terrestrial habitat—deserts, sand dunes, forests, on rocks, trees, or ground in grassy plains or heavy brush, and even on houses, fences and other man-made structures. 5. Lack of obvious distinctive specific characters. Subspecies are numerous and species not so well defined as in many other genera of animals, and for this reason relationships may more definitely be postulated. These characters are indicative of a group of relatively recent development. 'Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602. 'Present address: E.P.O. Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 84302. GREAT BASIN NATURALIST Vol. 34, No. 1 Smith would probably have added a sixth and seventh character- istic if karyological and behavioral information had been available. It is only proper, in consideration of the foregoing, that Scelo- porus should be considered a suitable candidate for the application of recently developed statistical methods. The study here reported was undertaken with several questions in mind: