Installing and Administering NFS Services HP 9000 Networking Manufacturing Part Number: B1031-90048 E0601 U.S.A. © Copyright 2001 Hewlett-Packard Company. Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty. A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett- Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office. Restricted Rights Legend. 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Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this document without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. ©copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985-94 Regents of the University of California This software is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from the Regents of the University of California. 2 ©copyright 1986-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. ©copyright 1985-86, 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology ©copyright 1989-93 The Open Software Foundation, Inc. ©copyright 1986 Digital Equipment Corporation ©copyright 1990 Motorola, Inc. ©copyright 1990, 1991, 1992 Cornell University ©copyright 1989-1991 The University of Maryland ©copyright 1988 Carnegie Mellon University Trademark Notices UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. OSF/Motif is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. NFS® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. NIS™ and NIS+™ are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. NOTE The Network Information Service (NIS) was formerly known as Yellow Pages (YP). The functionality is the same; only the name has changed. “Yellow Pages” is a registered trademark in the United Kingdom of British Telecommunications plc. 3 4 Contents 1. Installing the NFS Services Installing the NFS Services Software. 15 Overview of the NFS Services . 16 2. Configuring and Administering NFS Preparing for NFS Configuration . 21 To Check the Network Connections. 21 To Set User IDs and Group IDs (if neither NIS nor NIS+ is used) . 21 To Ensure that No User is a Member of Too Many Groups . 22 Configuring and Administering an NFS Server. 24 To Make Directories Available to NFS Clients (Export Directories) . 24 To Enable NFS Server Capability . 28 To Remove (Unexport) an Exported Directory . 28 To Enable PC NFS Server Capability . 30 To Disable NFS Server Capability. 31 Configuring and Administering an NFS Client . 34 Deciding Between Automounter and AutoFS . 34 Deciding Between Standard-Mounted Directories and Automounted Directories . 35 To Mount a Remote Directory Using a Standard NFS Mount . 40 To Enable NFS Client Capability . 42 To Verify Your NFS Client Configuration . 43 To Change the Default Mount Options . 43 To Ensure Data Integrity Between the Client and Server . 49 To Remove (Unmount) a Mounted Directory . 50 To Disable NFS Client Capability . 51 NFS Client and Server Transport Connections . 52 NFS Client TCP Connections. 52 Specifying TCP or UDP Connections. 52 NFS Server TCP Connections . 53 Configuring and Administering the NFS Automounter . 55 To Automount All Exported Directories from Any Host Using the -hosts Map . 56 To Decide Between Direct and Indirect NFS Automounts. 58 To Mount a Remote Directory Using a Direct Automounter Map . 61 To Mount a Remote Directory Using an Indirect Automounter Map . 64 To Configure Multiple (Replicated) Servers for an Automounted Directory . 68 To Use Environment Variables as Shortcuts in Automounter Maps. 69 To Use Wildcard Characters as Shortcuts in Automounter Maps . 69 To Automount Users’ Home Directories with the -passwd Map . 71 5 Contents To Automount Users’ Home Directories with Wildcard Characters . 74 To Automount Multiple Directories Simultaneously (Hierarchical Mounts) . 77 To Improve Automounter Performance with Subdirectory Notation in Indirect Maps 77 To Include an Automounter Map in Another Automounter Map. 79 To Turn Off an Automounter Map with the -null Map. 80 To Enable the NFS Automounter. 81 To Verify Your Automounter Configuration . 81 To Modify or Remove (Unmount) an Automounted Directory . 83 To Restart the Automounter . 83 Configuring and Administering AutoFS. 86 Advantages of AutoFS Versus Automounter. 87 Migrating From Automounter to AutoFS . 88 To Understand How AutoFS Works. 89 To Automount All Exported Directories from Any Host Using the -hosts Map . 90 To Decide Between Direct and Indirect NFS Automounts. 92 To Mount a Remote Directory Using a Direct Automounter Map . 95 To Mount a Remote Directory Using an Indirect Automounter Map . 99 To Configure Multiple (Replicated) Servers for an Automounted Directory . 102 To Use Environment Variables as Shortcuts in Automounter Maps. 103 To Use Wildcard Characters as Shortcuts in Automounter Maps . 104 To Automount Users’ Home Directories . 106 To Automount Multiple Directories Simultaneously (Hierarchical Mounts) . 108 To Include an Automounter Map in Another Automounter Map. 109 To Create a Hierarchy of Automounter Maps . 110 To Turn Off an Automounter Map with the -null Map. 111 To Enable AutoFS . 111 To Disable AutoFS . 112 To Verify Your AutoFS Configuration . 112 To Modify or Remove (Unmount) an Automounted Directory . 114 Configuring and Using NFS Netgroups . 115 To Create Netgroups in the /etc/netgroup File . 115 To Create Netgroups in the NIS+ netgroup Table . 117 To Use Netgroups in Configuration Files . 118 Configuring the Other NFS Daemons and Services. 122 To Enable the Other NFS Services . 122 To Restrict Access to the Other NFS Services. 124 6 Contents 3. Configuring the Cache File System (CacheFS) The Cache File System . 128 CacheFS Terms . 129 Configuring CacheFS . 130 To Configure a Local File System as Cache. 131 To Mount an NFS File System Using CacheFS . 132 To Automount a File System Using CacheFS . 133 4. Configuring and Administering NIS Overview of NIS . 137 Information Managed by NIS . 137 Structure of the NIS Network . 138 Planning the NIS Network . 140 To Determine the Number of NIS Domains You Need . 140 To Determine the Number of NIS Servers You Need . 141 To Determine Which Hosts Will Be NIS Servers . 141 To Draw an NIS Network Map . 142 Configuring and Administering an NIS Master Server. 143 To Create the Master passwd File . 144 To Create the Master group File . ..