United States Department Forest Insect and of Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States June 2007 2006 Healthy Forests Make A World of Difference United States Department of Agriculture Forest Insect and Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States June 2007 2006 PREFACE This is the 56th annual report prepared by the U.S. • seed orchard insects and diseases; Department of Agriculture Forest Service of the insect • nursery insects and diseases; and and disease conditions of the Nation's forests. This • abiotic damage. report responds to direction in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as amended, to conduct surveys and report annually on insect and These categories are listed in the table of contents. disease conditions of major national significance. Insect and disease conditions of local importance are reported in regional and State reports. The information in this report is provided by the Forest Health Protection Program of the USDA Forest Service. This program serves all federal lands, The report describes the extent and nature of insect- including the National Forest System and the lands and disease-caused damage of national significance in administered by the Department of Defense and the 2006. The first section of this report highlights Department of the Interior. Service is also provided to emerging insect and disease issues. Regional and tribal lands. The program provides assistance to temporal trends in selected insect and disease private landowners through the State Foresters. A key conditions are highlighted in the second section of the part of the program is detecting and reporting insect report. Distribution maps are provided for some pests. and disease epidemics and the effects of wind, air Graphs depict acreage trends over the last several pollution, floods, droughts, and other agents. years for some pests. Tables show acreages affected Detection surveys are conducted on a regular basis by for selected pests by state by year for the last 5 years. state and USDA Forest Service program specialists. The third section of the report brings together insect, For additional information about conditions, contact disease, and abiotic agent damage reports from each the USDA Forest Service office listed on the next page affected USDA Forest Service Region under the (see map for office coverage) or your State Forester. organism's or agent's name. The organisms and agents are arranged alphabetically in the appropriate section: • insects—native; • insects—nonnative; • diseases—native; • diseases—nonnative; • diseases—origin unknown; • declines and complexes; iii United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Protection Offices Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Northern Region (R-1) Pacific Northwest Region (R-6) P.O. Box 7669 P.O. Box 3623 Missoula, MT 59807 Portland, OR 97208-3623 (406) 329-3308 (503) 808-2913 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Rocky Mountain Region (R-2) Southern Region (R-8) P.O. Box 25127 1720 Peachtree Road, NW, Room 816 N Denver, CO 80225 Atlanta, GA 30309 (303) 275-5026 (404) 347-3540 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Southwestern Region (R-3) Northeastern Area 333 Broadway Boulevard, SE 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200 Albuquerque, NM 87102 Newtown Square, PA 19073 (505) 842-3247 (610) 557-4139 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Intermountain Region (R-4) Alaska Region (R-10) 324 25th Street 3301 C Street, Suite 202 Ogden, UT 84401 Anchorage, AK 99503-3956 (801) 625-5759 (907) 743-9455 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Pacific Southwest Region (R-5) International Institute of Tropical Forestry 1323 Club Drive UPR Experiment Station Grounds Vallejo, CA 94592 P.O. Box 25000 (707) 562-8921 Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000 (787) 766-5335 iv USDA Forest Service Regions and Area Copies of this report are available from: USDA Forest Service Attn: Forest Health Protection Stop Code 1110 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20250-1110 Phone: (703) 605-5352 Fax: (703) 605-5353 Email: [email protected] This report is also available on the Internet at: http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/current_conditions.shtml v CONTENTS Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 PART 1: EMERGING INSECT AND DISEASE ISSUES Emerald ash borer ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Western bark beetles............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Sudden Oak Death .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Oak decline ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Red bay wilt or laurel wilt................................................................................................................................................... 12 Sirex noctilio woodwasp ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 PART 2: HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS Insect Conditions Highlights Gypsy moth......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Southern pine beetle............................................................................................................................................................ 18 Mountain pine beetle........................................................................................................................................................... 20 Spruce budworm................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Western spruce budworm.................................................................................................................................................... 24 Hemlock woolly adelgid ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 Common European pine shoot beetle.................................................................................................................................. 27 Spruce beetle....................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Disease Conditions Highlights Dogwood anthracnose......................................................................................................................................................... 29 Beech bark disease.............................................................................................................................................................. 30 Butternut canker.................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Fusiform rust....................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Dwarf mistletoes................................................................................................................................................................. 33 PART 3: CONDITIONS BY DAMAGE AGENT BY REGION Insects: Native ............................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Amethyst cedar borer ................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Region 5: California ............................................................................................................................................................. 36 Arborvitae leaf miners............................................................................................................................................................... 36 Region 9/Northeastern Area: Vermont................................................................................................................................ 36 Ash defoliator............................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Region 9/Northeastern Area: Maine..................................................................................................................................... 36 Aspen leaf miner ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Region 10: Alaska ..............................................................................................................................................................