Religious Movements –Jainism and Buddhism 5.1 Timeline Timelines Image Description C 6th Century BCE Urbanization in the Ganges Plain C 6th Century BCE Formation of the earliest states C 6th Century BCE The rise of Magadha 563 BCE Birth of Gautama Buddha 540 BCE Birth of Mahavira 512 BCE Second Jaina Council held at Vallabhi 483 BCE Mahaparinirvana of Buddha 483 BCE First Buddhist Council held at Rajagriha 468 BCE Nirvana of Mahavira 383 BCE Second Buddhist Council held at Vaisali 250 BCE Third Buddhist Council held at Pataliputra 5.2 Glossary Staring Related Term Definition Character Term A Ahimsa Non-violence, Non-injury B Bikkhu Pali [Sanskrit bhikshu] a Buddhist monk D Digambara Literally ‘Sky-Clad’ – one of the Jaina schools H Hinayana Literally ‘lesser vehicle’, school of Buddhism K Karma Action or Deed M Mahayana Literally ‘Great vehicle’ –school of Buddhism M Moksha Liberation from rebirth N Nirvana Release from the cycle of rebirth P Pali An Indo-Aryan language S Sangha Frequently used to indicate the organizational order in Buddhism S Svetambara Literally ‘clad in white’ – one of the Jaina schools T Tirthankara Literally ‘monk ‘Ford builder’ – Jaina saint T Triratna Literally ‘three gems’, - In Jainism refers to the triple path of right faith, knowledge and conduct U Upasaka A male lay follower of the Buddha’s teaching U Upasika A female lay follower of the Buddha’s teaching 5.3 Web links Web links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_religions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/history/the-sixth-century-bc-was-a-period-of-religious-and-economic- unrest-in-india-history/4436/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_%28Hinduism%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirthankara http://www.dhammaweb.net/books/DVEMATIK.PDF 5.4 Bibliography Bibliography Basham, A.L., The History and doctrine of the Ajivikas, London, 1951, 2003 Basham, A.L., The wonder that was India, 3rd edn, Newyork, 1971 Battacharya. N.N., Jain Philosophy: Historical Out-line, Delhi, 1976 Bhattachary, S. and Thapar, R., (cds) Situating Indian History, New Delhi, 1986 Dundas, P., The Jainas, London 1992 Dutta, Sukumar, Buddhist monks and monasteries of India; Their history and their contribution to Indian culture, Rep. edn. Part I , Delhi 1988 Jha, D.N., Ancient India, Delhi, 1998 LaMottle, E., History of Indian Buddhism, Louvain,1976, 1988 (tr). Raychauduri. H.C., Political History of Ancient India, Delhi, 1996 Sharma. R.s., Aspects of Political Ideas and institutions in Ancient India, 34rd edn. Delhi, 1991 Sharma. R.S., Material Culture and Social formations in Ancient India, Delhi, 1983 Stevenson. S.K., The Heart of Jainism, Oxford, 1945 Uma chakrabarti, The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism, Delhi, 1987 Wagle. Narendra, Society at the time of the Buddha, Bombay, 1963 Warder. A.K., Indian Buddhism, Delhi, 1970 .