Agency Report: Indian Earth Observation Programme Nitant Dube Space Applications Centre Indian Space Research Organisation Presentation to CEOS – WGISS-41, Canberra Australia, March 2016 Indian EO Programme: The Uniqueness • Vibrant Space Segment: Constellation of Satellites • Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat • Strong Ground Mechanisms • Effective Institutional Framework - NNRMS • Enabling infrastructure – Processing, Generation and dissemination of information • Observational Network • Goals o Provide continuity of data, also with enhanced capabilities o Conduct periodic natural resources inventory & enable the national spatial data infrastructure o Maximize outreach of natural resources information o Enable ocean state forecasting and improved weather forecasting; information needs for disaster monitoring and mitigation INSAT-3D SARAL The Evolution 2013 Imager, Sounder RISAT-1 : C-SAR 2012 27 Years since IRS-1A 2011 RESOURCESAT- MEGHA- CARTOSAT-2B : 2: LISS 3, LISS 4, TROPIQUES: PAN AWiFS SAPHIR, SCARAB & 2010 MADRAS IMS-1: Mx, HySI RISAT-2 : X-SAR CARTOSAT-2A : 2009 PAN 2008 OCEANSAT-2: OCM, CARTOSAT-1: 2005 SCAT, ROSA PAN stereo 2001 TES : PAN 2007 2003 CARTOSAT-2: PAN 1997 IRS-1D : LISS-3, 1999 RESOURCESAT-1 : PAN & WiFS LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS OCEANSAT-1 : OCM & MSMR • Thematic Satellites Series • Operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellites 1996 1995 • National missions on various themes IRS-1C : LISS-3, IRS-P3 : WiFS, PAN & WiFS MOS, X-Ray • GIS databases for decision support • Integrated mission for sustainable development 1994 • IRS utilisation prorgramme 1991 IRS-P2: LISS- 2 • Joint experiments programme • Bhaskara utilisation - first user programme • Landsat data utilisation - experimental applications IRS-1A : LISS-1 & 2 1988 • Landsat station – 1979 IRS-1A : LISS-1 & 2 • Coconut wilt - helicopter images Currently Operational EO Missions LAND & WATER HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN WEATHER; CLIMATE OCEANSAT-2 INSAT-3A RESOURCESAT-2 CARTOSAT-2 VHRR, CCD LISS-3, LISS-4, AWiFS OCM, Scat, Rosa 0.8 m PAN KALPANA VHRR INSAT-3D Imager, Sounder RISAT-1 CARTOSAT-1 SARAL MEGHA-TROPIQUES C-Band SAR MADRAS, SCARAB, SAPHIR, 2.5m PAN stereo ROSA Ka-Altimeter CRITERIA FOR PLANNING EO MISSIONS • Ensuring Data Continuity for Operational Applications • Improvements in Observations/ Data Services based on User’s feedback • Enabling R&D Applications by providing newer observational capability • Technology Development / Demonstration • Collaboration through International Cooperation Future EO Missions Mission Specifications Applications Expected Launch SCATSAT-1 Ku-band Scatterometer (SCAT) .Weather forecasting Frequency: 13.51 GHz .Ocean State Forecast Orbit : 720 km Swath: 1400 km swath .Cyclone detection and tracking Jun 2016 Products: 50 km x 50 km services RESOURCESAT-2A LISS-4 (3 Xs) – 5.8 m, 70 km swath .Continuity for Resourcesat-2 LISS-3 (4 Xs) – 23.5m , 141 km swath .Natural resources Management Orbit : 817 km ECT: 1030 AWiFS (4 Xs) – 56 m, 700 km swath & monitoring July 2016 .Disaster Management Support INSAT-3DR 6 channel Imager (Visible, MIR, WV, TIR .Ensuring Data Continuity for and SWIR) operational weather forecast Orbit : 36000 km (GEO) 19 channel Sounder (18 narrow spectral .Cloud motion vector, improved Every 30 min channels in 3 IR bands, 1 channel in SST, vertical profile of July 2016 visible band) temperature and humidity. Future EO Missions Mission Specifications Applications Expected Launch CARTOSAT-2E Panchromatic: 0.65m/ 10 km swath .Cartography and Large Scale Multispectral (4 Xs), 2.0 m/10km swath Mapping Orbit : 500 km ECT: 0930 .Urban Planning & Infrastructure Mar 2017 Development .Micro watershed Development .Cadastral level applications GISAT-1 MX (4 Xs VNIR), 50 m/ 470km swath .Quick monitoring of Events, HySi (60 Xs VNIR), 320m/ 160 km swath Disasters, natural hazards and Orbit : 36000 km (GEO) HySi (150 Xs SWIR),192m/ 190 km swath calamities & episodic events Every 30 min MX (3 Xs TIR), 1.5 km/ 470 km Swath Dec 2017 CARTOSAT-3 Panchromatic: 0.25m/ 16 km swath .Cartography and Large Scale Multispectral (4 Xs), 1.0 m/16km swath Mapping at 1:2000 scale Orbit : 450 km ECT: 1030 .Urban Planning & Infrastructure Mar 2018 Development .Micro watershed Development .Cadastral level applications Future EO Missions Mission Specifications Applications Expected Launch RISAT-1A C-BAND SAR (5.35 GHz frequency) .Imaging during all weather Imaging Modes: conditions Orbit : 536 km ECT: 0600 Stripmap: 3-6m / 25km Swath .Crop acreage and production Sep 2018 ScanSAR: 25m/50m, 120/ 240 km Swath, estimate Spotlight: 10x100km or 10x 10km spot; .Disaster Management Support Resolution of 1m x 0.7m; Single, dual, hybrid Polarization Oceansat 3 & 3A Ocean Color Monitor (OCM), 13 Band, .Oceanographic applications 360m resolution, 1400 km swath like PFZ, Ocean State Orbit : 720 km ECT: 1200 2 Band Long Wave Infrared, 1080m Forecast, Total suspended July 2018 & Aug 2019 resolution, 1400km swath sediments Ku-band Scatterometer; 13.51 GHz, 1400 .Wind vector data km swath RS Sampler – 3S & 3SA Two number of Pan cameras .HR DEM for contour generation 1.25m/ 60km swath Orbit : 637 km ECT: 1030 .Design of Rail / Road Multispectral (4 Xs), 2.5 m, 60km Jan 2019 & July 2019 alignments .Drainage Network .Landslide zonation DUAL FREQUENCY(L&S BAND) RADAR IMAGING SATELLITE • Design & Development of Dual frequency Radar Imaging Satellite jointly by ISRO & NASA; • Explore newer application areas using L and S band microwave data; • Launch by India’s GSLV in 2020. ISRO’s responsibilities: JPL responsibilities: • Design and development of S-band SAR • Design and development of L-band SAR • Satellite bus • 12 m antenna with deployment mechanism • Ka band data transmission system • Ultra-precision GPS system • Integration of the payload with satellite • Navigation support and GPS data analysis LAUNCH • Launch of the satellite • 4 Terabits capacity Solid State Recorder 2019 – 2020 On board GSLV • In-orbit operations of the satellite • Integration of antenna & transmitter MAJOR SCIENCE APPLICATION • Agriculture Biomass and Forest Biomass estimation • Soil Moisture • Mountain / glacier snow; Mountain Glacier dynamics • Land Subsidence & Landslide • Coastal erosion & High tide lines • Floods, Oil slick, Forest fires • Inter seismic strain; Co-seismic deformation • Ice sheet dynamics; Sea Ice thickness & dynamics SWEEP SAR SYSTEM National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) ….. NNRMS integrates data/info from Remote Sensing into the National/ Regional/ Local systems with appropriate technical, managerial and organisational linkages – NNRMS Mandate (1985) Planning Committee National Priorities Standing Central and - NNRMS Committees State NNRMS Standing Agencies Food and Water DOS Centres Committees NRSC, SAC, SNRMS Security RRSSCs , National Natural NE -SAC Resources Management Chair: Secretaries of System (NNRMS) Govt. of India Private State RS Infrastructure Enterprise Centres Development • Agriculture & Soils NGOs/ Academic/ Voluntary Research • Water Resources Organizations Institutes Environment and • Bio-resources & Ecosystem Environment • Geology & Mineral Disaster Management • Rural Development • Urban Development Support • Oceanography & Meteorology Weather & Climate • Cartography Studies • Training & Technology Space Applications in Diversified Areas Agriculture Drinking Water Area & Production estimation Groundwater prospect for 8 major crops zones & Recharge Sites • In-season multiple forecast • Satellite data + agro- • 90 -95% Success rate for meteorology + market Bore wells economics • Increased Water level Fisheries Watershed Development Potential Fisheries Zone (PFZ) Better productivity potential & Forecast improved livelihood • Fish catch doubled, • Soil & Water Conservation • Reduced search time by 60% • Enhanced cropping yield • fuel cost by abut 30% • Decrease in fallow lands Monitoring Irrigation Infrastructure NR Census Inventory & Mapping of Irrigation Infrastructure Periodic Inventory of Natural Resources • Assessment of gaps in irrigation potential created Land use , Soil, Geomorphology and its utilization at the Wetland, Land degradation , ground level. Snow & Glaciers , Vegetation Space Applications in Diversified Areas Forestry Decentralized Planning at Panchayats Assessment of forest cover on • Geospatial database a two-year cycle • Asset mapping & Activity Planning • Plan conservation measures • Implementation & Monitoring • Rapid Forest Mapping to • Decision Making at local level identify hot spot areas Snow & Glaciers Weather & Climate • Space based Weather parameters Monitoring of Glaciers and Snow & Essential Climate Variables cover area • Glacier Retreat • Assimilation into model for • Snow-melt Runoff Forecasting improved weather prediction. • Input to Climate Change • Ocean State forecast • Sea Surface Temperature •National Urban Info. System • Sea Surface Heights • Heat wave predictions Multi scale (10K, 2K) hierarchical Urban Geospatial database • In support of Urban Planning, Infrastructure development, e- governance. Disaster Management Support System Space Technology in mitigating Disasters Secured Commn Multi-tier databases Fixed/ VPN, Mobile .. with query/ decision tools Nat’l Control Room DMS-DSC + +Decision Makers Institutions State HQ/ Control Rooms Observational Systems Single-Window for Satellite (GEO, LEO, All- Services Delivery Vulnerable Villages weather), Aerial, Ground DMS-DSC Disasters - Operationally addressed Pre-Flood Image Flood Cyclone Inundation monitoring Inundation mapping Damage assessment