UTAH GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT 20th Anniversary Science Summary 2006 - 2016 Learning from the Land GRAND STAIRCASE ESCALANTE National Monument YEARS 201996 - 2016 Learning from the Land United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management The mission of the National Landscape Conservation System (NLCS) is to conserve, protect, and restore nationally significant landscapes recognized for their outstanding cultural, ecological, and scientific values. The views, opinions, and data of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Grand Staircase Escalante Partners (GSENM), or any agency or entity thereof. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is strictly for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the Federal Government. Printed by Grand Staircase Escalante Partners, August 2016 Copies available from: Grand Staircase Escalante Partners 745 East Hwy 89, Kanab, UT 84741 (435) 644-1308 gsenm.org Learning from the Land Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Science Summary 2006 - 2016 Science Symposium August 2 - 4, 2016 Kanab and Escalante, Utah Printed by Grand Staircase Escalante Partners, August 2016 Acknowledgements The Bureau of Land Management would like to express its appreciation to all who participated in the third Learning from the Land science symposium. Many thanks to all who took the time to prepare and make presentations or lead field trips, as well as those who attended sessions. The symposium was a success thanks to the involvement and support of many people, organizations, and businesses including Garfield and Kane counties, Grand Staircase Escalante Partners (GSEP), and Glen Canyon Natural History Association (GCNHA). As the Assistant Monument Manager, Science & Visitor Services Division, Carolyn Z Shelton has been a steadfast champion of scientific research conducted on GSENM. Carolyn provided overall direction, encouragement, and support for the tireless efforts of GCNHA hosted worker, LeAnn (Bambi) Skrzynski, who coordinated the symposium event as part of the 20th Anniversary celebration for Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. The BLM wishes to thank GSEP staff, Sherry Robinson, for administrative support, Emily Schrepf for fieldtrip reservation coordination, and Katja Knoll for helping summarize journal articles. Our sincere appreciation to BLM staffers Liz Kolle and Linda Tramontano for event -day assistance and fieldtrip coordination; and to all the BLM employees, MAC members, and scientists who served as symposium event presenters, facilitators, fieldtrip leaders, or provided assistance and support. Further, a thank you to Karen Monsen, for donating her time and talents to several journal summaries. Our highest praise goes to Gretchen Siefried for her unpaid dedication to the preparation and presentation of our luncheon at the Heritage House in Kanab, and to Mary Dewitz for the dedication she showed in designing, compiling and formatting the Science Summary. Cover photo:www.jt-fineart.com A special thank you to the following sponsors and supporters: i GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT 20TH ANNIVERSARY SCIENCE SUMMARY Table of Contents Acknowledgments….........................................…………………......…………….………………….….i Table of Contents…...........................................……………………......……….…………............ii - viii Greeting from the Monument Manager……………………………............................................……....ix Introduction…………..………………………………………….............................................….............x Archaeology and Human History Paleoecology of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: Human Landscape Impacts and Management Implications on the Colorado Plateau………...............………………………….......…….1 D’Andrea, Robert M., Anderson, R. Scott, Zweifel, Matthew K., Cole, Kenneth L., Burgard, Brittany Deep Human History in Escalante Valley and Southern Utah……................………………..........……2 Joel C. Janetski, Mark L. Bodily, Bradley A. Newbold, and David T. Yoder Fremont-Anasazi Boundary Maintenance and Permeability in the Escalante Drainage………......…….2 Joel C. Janetski, Lane D. Richens, and Richard K. Talbot The Archaeology and Biology of Early Plant Domestication: Evidence for the Four Corners Potato (Solanum jamesii) in Utah………………………............................……………………......……….......3 Lisbeth A. Louderback, and Bruce M. Pavlik. The Paleoarchaic to Early Archaic Transition on the Colorado Plateau: The archaeology of North Creek Shelter……………………………………………………….........................................…………….........….4 Joel C. Janetski, Mark L. Bodily, Bradley A. Newbold, and David T. Yoder Early Holocene Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Remains from Southern Utah: Implications for the Origins of the Puebloan Domestic Turkeys…………………...............…………………………......…..4 Bradley A. Newbold, Joel C. Janetski, Mark L. Bodily, and David T. Yoder Water, Pitch, and Prehistoric Indexes: An Analysis of Cup and Channel Petroglyphs……….........…....5 Michael L. Terlep The Onset of Small Seed Processing on the Colorado Plateau……………………..........…………........6 David T. Yoder, Mark L. Bodily, Sara Hill, Joel C. Janetski, and Bradley A. Newbold Using packrat middens to assess grazing effects on vegetation change…………………………............6 J. Fisher, K.L. Cole, R.S. Anderson Table of Contents Continued GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT 20TH ANNIVERSARY SCIENCE SUMMARY ii Biology and Wildlife Ecosystem Services and Economic Benefits of Beaver Restoration in the Escalante Basin, Utah...........7 Mark Buckley Avian Community Responses to Juniper Woodland Structure and Thinning Treatments on the Colorado Plateau……………………………………………………..........................…………...............7 Claire Crow and Charles van Riper III Bee haven: The significance of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument for native bees….........8 Olivia Messinger Carril Roost Sites of Allen’s Lappet-browed Bats (Idionycteris phyllotis) ….........…………………...............9 Melissa S. Siders and Wesley Jolley Influence of Livestock Grazing and Climate on Pinyon Pine Pinus( edulis) Dynamics…………...........9 Nichole N. Barger, Henry D. Adams, Connie Woodhouse, Jason C. Neff and Gregory P. Asner Discovery of a new bee species excavating nests in sandstone: Anthophora pueblo (Hymenoptera: Apidae) …………….......................................………………………………………………......……..10 Michael C. Orr, Frank D. Parker, Terry Griswold, and James P. Pitts Rangeland Ecology and Botany Evaluating dominance as a component of non-native species invasions…………………......…...........11 Alycia W. Crall, Gregory J. Newman, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Catherine S. Jarnevich, Paul Evangelista, and Deb Guenther Long-term effects of chaining treatments on vegetation structure in pinon-juniper woodlands of the Colorado Plateau…………………………………………………………...............................................11 Miranda D. Redmond, Neil S. Cobb, Mark E. Miller, Nichole N. Barger The myth of plant species saturation………………………………...........................………........….....12 Thomas J. Stohlgren, David T. Barnett, Catherine S. Jarnevich, Curtis Flather and John Kartesz Scale and plant invasions: a theory of biotic acceptance ……………………….......................……….12 Thomas J. Stohlgren, Catherine Jarnevich, Geneva W. Chong & Paul H. Evangelista Ecosystem Dynamics and Soils Prioritizing Conservation Effort through the Use of Biological Soil Crusts as Ecosystem Function Indicators in an Arid Region…………………………………………..................…………….......…...13 Matthew A. Bowker, Mark E. Miller, Jayne Belnap, Thomas D. Sisk and Nancy C. Johnson Revisiting classic water erosion models in drylands: The strong impact of biological soil crusts..........13 Matthew A. Bowker, Jayne Belnap, V. Bala Chaudhary, Nancy C. Johnson Evaluating Plant Invasions from Both Habitate and Special Perspectives..............................................14 Geneva W. Chong, Yuka Otsuki, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Debra Guenther, Paul Evangelista, Cynthia Villa and Alycia Waters Table of Contents A simple classification of soil types as habitats of biological soil crusts on the Colorado Plateau, Continued USA.........................................................................................................................................................14 Bowker, Matthew A. & Belnap, Jayne iii GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT Untangling the biological contributions to soil stability in semiarid shrublands….........……………....15 Bala Chaudhary, Matthew A. Bowker, Thomas E. O’Dell, James B. Grace, Andrea E. Redman, Mat- thias C. Rillig, and Nancy C. Johnson Modelling invasion for a habitat generalist and a specialist plant species……..……………….........…15 Paul H. Evangelista, Sunil Kumar, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Catherine S. Jarnevich, Alycia W. Crall, John B. Norman III and David T. Barnett Application of BLM’s Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring Strategy at GSENM: Community Phases and Annual Biomass as Derived from 2014 Field Data………………………….….......……...16 D’Andrea, Robert M., Miller, Kevin, and Maeda, Momoka Early and late successional biological soil crusts, cattle, and climate change: A landscape-scale survey in southern Utah. Manuscript in process.…………………………………......…….......…..….17 David deRoulhac, Collin Smith, and Mary O’Brien Microbial Communities of the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone and Their Role in Shaping the Landscape .........................................................................................................................................18