Katalin Lőrincz, Ph. D. Cultural Tourism 1 H-8200 Veszprém, Egyetem u.10. H-8201 Veszprém, Pf. 158. Telefon: (+36 88) 624-000 Internet: www.uni-pannon.hu Cultural Tourism Author: Katalin Lőrincz, Ph.D. Proofreader: Sándor Czeglédi Publisher: University of Pannonia, Faculty of Business an Economics ISBN: 978-963-396-165-0 Készült az EFOP-3.4.3.-16-2016-00009 projekt keretében. Veszprém 2020 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ 6 Cultural and Heritage Tourism .......................................................................................................... 6 Cultural and Heritage Tourism, and Why It Matters? ........................................................................... 6 The History of Cultural and Heritage tourism ....................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Cultural Tourism – Definitions and Different Approaches ............................................................. 9 Learning Outcomes ................................................................................................................................ 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 9 1.1. The Concept of Culture ................................................................................................................. 10 1.2. How is Culture Formed/Shaped? .................................................................................................. 11 1.3. Cultural Tourism ........................................................................................................................... 13 1.4. The Independent Evolution of Tourism and Cultural Heritage .................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Cultural Tourism Assets and Attractions ........................................................................................ 21 Learning Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 21 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 21 2.1. Heritage Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 23 2.2. Arts Tourism ................................................................................................................................. 23 2.3. Creative Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 23 2.4. Urban Cultural Tourism ................................................................................................................ 24 2.5. Rural Cultural Tourism ................................................................................................................. 24 2.6. Indigenous Cultural Tourism ........................................................................................................ 25 2.7. Experiential Cultural Tourism ...................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 27 Cultural Tourism: Issues and Policies ............................................................................................. 27 Learning Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 27 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1. Cultural Tourism as Commodity .................................................................................................. 28 3.2. Cultural Strategies ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.3. The Importance of Cultural Policy ............................................................................................... 30 3.4. Identifying the Stakeholders ......................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Demand for(?) vagy Demands of (?) Cultural Tourism: Cultural Tourists ................................. 34 Learning Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 34 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 34 4.1. Typology of Cultural Tourists ...................................................................................................... 35 4.2. The Cultural/Heritage Tourism Traveller: a Snapshot.................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 39 The Global Cultural Tourism: Different Patterns of the World ................................................... 39 Learning Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 39 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 39 5.1. World Heritage Sites ..................................................................................................................... 42 5.2. Countries with Dissonant or Dark Heritage .................................................................................. 44 5.3. Religious Tourism ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.4. Intangible Heritage........................................................................................................................ 46 5.5. Indigenous Cultural Tourism ........................................................................................................ 47 5.6. Art Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 49 5.7. Festivals, Events and Tourism ...................................................................................................... 49 5.8. Seven New Wonders of the World ............................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 6 ....................................................................................................................................... 52 The Growht of Creative Tourism ..................................................................................................... 52 Learning Outcomes ............................................................................................................................ 52 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 52 4 6.1. Cultural Industries vs. Creative Industries .................................................................................... 53 6.2. Creative Destinations .................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 7 ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Experiential Cultural Tourism ......................................................................................................... 55 Learning Outcomes ............................................................................................................................ 55 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 55 7.1. Most Visited Attractions ............................................................................................................... 55 7.2. Theme Parks.................................................................................................................................. 56 7.3. Ten Tips for Developing Cultural/Heritage Tourism Experiences ............................................... 56 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 58 5 INTRODUCTION Cultural and Heritage Tourism Cultural and Heritage Tourism, and Why It Matters? What is cultural and heritage tourism? Why should it matter to you, and how can it add value to your destination or business?