United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests REVISED DRAFT Forest Assessments: Identifying and Assessing At-Risk Species March 2018 American marten observed resting in a northern goshawk nest, in a lodgepole pine-Engelmann spruce forest on the Gunnison Ranger District. Biologists were visiting the goshawk nest site to check for occupancy and found this marten instead. 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Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected] (link sends e-mail). USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests REVISED DRAFT Forest Plan Assessments: Identifying and Assessing At-Risk Species Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ i Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Assessment 5 Development Process ........................................................................................................ 2 Summary Public Input ............................................................................................................................ 4 Use of Best Available Science ............................................................................................................... 5 Information Gaps ................................................................................................................................... 6 Scale of Analysis Area ........................................................................................................................... 6 Federally Recognized Species .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2. Conditions and Trends: Key Ecosystems and Characteristics ........................................... 9 Terrestrial Ecosystems .............................................................................................................................. 9 Alpine Uplands; Alpine Rocky Slopes, Screes, Cliffs .......................................................................... 10 Montane-Subalpine Grasslands .......................................................................................................... 12 Montane Shrubland, Oak-Serviceberry-Mountain Mahogany ............................................................. 13 Sagebrush Shrubland .......................................................................................................................... 14 Desert Alluvial Saltshrub ...................................................................................................................... 16 Spruce-Fir ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Spruce-Fir-Aspen ................................................................................................................................. 18 Aspen ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Bristlecone-Limber Pine ....................................................................................................................... 21 Cool-Moist Mixed Conifer .................................................................................................................... 22 Warm-Dry Mixed Conifer ..................................................................................................................... 23 Lodgepole Pine .................................................................................................................................... 24 Ponderosa Pine ................................................................................................................................... 25 Pinyon-Juniper ..................................................................................................................................... 26 Riparian and Wetland Ecosystems ......................................................................................................... 28 Fens ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 Montane-Alpine Wet Meadows and Marshes ...................................................................................... 29 Montane-Subalpine Riparian Shrublands ............................................................................................ 31 Montane-Subalpine Riparian Woodlands ............................................................................................ 31 Cottonwood Riparian Woodlands ........................................................................................................ 32 Aquatic Ecosystems ................................................................................................................................ 32 Rivers and Streams ............................................................................................................................. 33 Lakes and Reservoirs .......................................................................................................................... 34 Special Habitat Features ......................................................................................................................... 35 Caves and Mines ................................................................................................................................. 35 Non-Alpine Rock Outcrops and Cliffs .................................................................................................. 36 Snags and Down Woody Material ....................................................................................................... 37 Substrates ............................................................................................................................................ 38 Prey ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 Risk Factors ............................................................................................................................................. 39 Small and Isolated Populations ........................................................................................................... 40 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................... 43 i USDA Forest Service Insects and Disease............................................................................................................................. 45 Intentional Mortality .............................................................................................................................. 47 Habitat Fragmentation ......................................................................................................................... 48 Invasive or Non-Native Terrestrial Species ......................................................................................... 49 Livestock and Wildlife Grazing, Browsing, and Trampling .................................................................. 50 Hard Rock Mining ................................................................................................................................ 50 Non-Native Fish ................................................................................................................................... 51