Volume 6 & 7 SOJOURNERS Undergraduate Journal of Sociology VOLUME 6 & 7 /2015 Published by the Sociology Students’ Association of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver Sociology Students Association Department of Sociology 6303 NW Marine Drive Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z1 SSA: [email protected] Submissions, purchasing requests, general inquiries, etc.: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief: [email protected] Sociology department and Sojourners online: http://soci.ubc.ca/ © 2015 UBC Sociology Students’ Association (SSA). All rights reserved. It is strictly forbidden to make copies of whole issues of this journal for any purpose without the express written permission of the SSA. Individuals, libraries, and institu- tions may make single copies of individual articles for non-commercial educa- tional or noncommercial research purposes. 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Sojourners: Undergraduate Journal of Sociology is a peer- and faculty- reviewed journal published annually by the Sociology Students’ Association of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Our mandate is to provide a venue for the publication of outstanding undergraduate writing. Submissions are accepted in the fall of each year. Original research is preferred. Book reviews are limited to books published with- in the past five years. Information regarding submissions, journal sales, and more is available on the web at soci.ubc.ca. For more detailed information about manu- script submission, please contact the Editor-in-Chief at [email protected]. Are you interested in volunteering for Sojourners? Do you have questions or com- ments about this year’s edition? Do you have a paper you would like to submit? Please contact us at [email protected]. Blog: http://blogs.ubc.ca/ubcssa/sojourners/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SojournersJournal II CONTRIBUTORS Volume 6—2014 Logo, Volume Layout, and Editors-in-Chief: Selenna Ho Design Paz Villar Editorial Board: Selenna Ho Marion B Vesna Pajović Jennefer Chen Justin Choi Cover Art: Aaron Duong Canva Diana Lerner Debolina Majumder Caleigh Mceachern Faculty Advisor: Neil Guppy Volume 7—2015 Editors-in-Chief: Selenna Ho Paz Villar Editorial Board: Sharlie Eicker Negar Hooshmand-Mozaffar Nerissa Jawanda François Lachapelle Rachel Lee Katherine Lyon Vesna Pajović Shawn Shabaquay Faculty Advisor: Neil Guppy III SPECIAL THANKS TO : DR. NEIL GUPPY, Sociology Department Head, for his unfailing encouragement and support. KRISTIN SOPOTIUK, Office of the Department Head, for her on-going assistance. THE FACULTY AND GRADUATE STUDENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AT UBC for being staunch supporters of this journal and for generously donating their time, expertise, and enthusiasm to our endeavor; with special thanks to Professors RIMA WILKES, ANNE MARTIN-MATTHEWS, THOMAS KEMPLE, BOB RATNER, SEAN LAUER, DAWN CURRIE, SILVIA BARTOLIC, KERRY GREER, CATHERINE CORRIGALL- BROWN, and RENISA MAWANI, as well as graduate students HÉLÈNE FROHARD- DOURLENT and KATHERINE LYON. SIERRA SKYE GEMMA, founder of Sojourners and previous Editor-In-Chief, for her continued assistance. THE UBC SOCIOLOGY STUDENTS’ ASSOCIATION, which continues to see the value in providing undergraduate students with an opportunity to refine and showcase academic work, whether as authors or editors. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter From the Editors 1 VOLUME 6 Food Fit for Royalty: Corporate Cohesion, Power, and the 2 Decline of Canadian Food Sovereignty MATTHEW SANSCARTIER We Demand a Happy Ending for Pedro and Guillermo: Love, 23 Society and the Queer Politics of Latin American Telenovela CARLOS GUSTAVO HALABURDA VOLUME 7 Communicating Power: Negotiating Collaboration and 30 Hierarchy in Grassroots Community Organisation JESSIE TOUGAS Composting Program Participation and Availability Across 42 Canada MATTHEW PERKS Migration Strategies and Ethnic Identities: A Study of 58 Chinese Student Associations at the University of British Columbia JUSTIN WING CHUNG KONG The Need for LGBTQ-Inclusive Bullying Policy and 77 Curriculum Mandated in BC Schools SANIA AHMED The Bodies of the Unseen: The Imagined Identities of 91 Indigenous Women ROSANNA HO V Undergraduate Understanding of Anthropogenic Climate 103 Change: How Faculty Influences Students’ Willingness to Act ADRIAN SEMMELINK The Iranian Revolution: Religious Unity or Ideological 118 Division Among Members of the Intellectual Class NEGAR HOOSHMAND-MOZAFFAR “There Has to be More to Life Than School”: A Study 127 of Everyday Resistance Within the Higher Education Apparatus BABAK AMINI Students not $tudent$: Why UBC Students Participated 140 in the “I Am Student” Protest EMILY (TRUONG) CHEUNG About the Authors 152 About the Editors 155 VI LETTER FROM THE EDITORS Dear Reader, This year we have had some major changes in Sojourners, from the internal processes to the external layout. This includes: our new logo, which is meant to en- compass the connection we have with UBC’s Sociology Students’ Association; the updated and much more contemporary cover design; as well as the training we provide for our editorial team. But most importantly, our criteria for paper publica- tions has undergone a transformation. We decided to focus more on papers with more original, innovative, and creative ideas that can inspire further research. In this publication of Sojourners, we will guide you through the sociologi- cal happenings of our own UBC campus. Cheung investigates the student protests against the recent and controversial tuition increase through face-to-face interviews and an online survey. Kong explores the relation between ethnic student associa- tions, such as Chinese Varsity Club (CVC) and the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA), and their role in the processes of identity formation and migration. Outside of UBC, Tougas conducts an ethnography on a grassroots organization and the myriad ways power can be communicated, and Hooshmand examines the variability in the organizational structures and resources between the Islamic movement and these Iranian intellectuals. Media is also used as a means of sociological research, as seen on Gustavo’s research on Latin American telenovela and Amini’s investigation on graffitti. You will find these unique insights and many more in this compilation of Sojourners! Finally, a great thank you is extended to all those who made Sojourners pos- sible! We would like to highlight Neil Guppy, who has been the loyal Academic Advi- sor to Sojourners for all 7 years of its publication. A special thank you to Rima Wilkes and Anne Martin-Matthews, who hosted our first Academic Publishing Workshop this year. Thank you to Vesna Pajović, who greatly assisted in the graphic formatting of our journal. We are much obliged to all the Associate Editors from both volumes 6 & 7, who dedicated so much time, energy and commitment to the success of this journal. And finally, a warm acknowledgement to the readers and subscribers to Sojourners. We hope you all enjoy this edition! Selenna Ho Paz Villar Co-editor-in-Chief Co-editor-in-Chief Sojourners Sojourners 1 FOOD FIT FOR ROYALTY Food Fit for Royalty: Corporate Cohesion, Power, and the Decline of Canadian Food Sovereignty Matthew Sanscartier University of Manitoba Neoliberal hegemony, and the undermining of democratic and social institutions that has accompanied it, is growing more powerful in Canadian society (Brenner & Theodore, 2002; Giroux, 2008). This essay focuses on how neoliberal policies have taken a toll on our food systems. Darrin Qualmin (2011) has argued that the concentration of corporate power that comes with such neoliberal hegemony has significantly damaged Canadian food sovereignty, or the ability of Canadians to control and be knowledgeable about their food systems and what they eat. Food sovereignty also recog- nizes that food, rather than simply acting as vehicles for vitamins, can be a source of power for citizens for building community and social capital, particularly important for the impoverished and marginalized (Brownlee & Kueneman, 2012; Engler-Stringer, 2011). However, as I argue below, the Canadian government is moving away from a framework of food sovereignty through policy actions. We are more often satisfied today to see “Now with Vitamin C!” on the packaging of our food than to know where it came from and its environmental impacts. To use George Ritzer’s (2007) eerily appropriate terminology, our food has become disenchanted—a means to an end. This frame of mind among Canadian consumers has led to both record profits for food and agribusiness, as well a notable absence of any cohesive food policy that unites production and consumption in order to educate Canadians about the origin and impact of