TABLE 2 Human Development Index trends, 1990–2019 Change in Human Development Index (HDI) HDI rank Average annual HDI growth Value (%) HDI RANK 1990 2000 2010 2014 2015 2017 2018 2019 2014–2019a 1990–2000 2000–2010 2010–2019 1990–2019 Very high human development 1 Norway 0.849 0.915 0.940 0.944 0.947 0.954 0.956 0.957 0 0.75 0.27 0.20 0.41 2 Ireland 0.773 0.867 0.901 0.928 0.935 0.947 0.951 0.955 7 1.15 0.39 0.65 0.73 2 Switzerland 0.840 0.898 0.941 0.942 0.947 0.949 0.955 0.955 0 0.67 0.47 0.16 0.44 4 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.784 0.830 0.904 0.926 0.930 0.941 0.946 0.949 7 0.57 0.86 0.54 0.66 4 Iceland 0.807 0.867 0.898 0.931 0.934 0.943 0.946 0.949 4 0.72 0.35 0.62 0.56 6 Germany 0.808 0.876 0.927 0.937 0.938 0.943 0.946 0.947 –3 0.81 0.57 0.24 0.55 7 Sweden 0.821 0.903 0.911 0.935 0.938 0.942 0.943 0.945 –3 0.96 0.09 0.41 0.49 8 Australia 0.871 0.903 0.930 0.933 0.938 0.941 0.943 0.944 –2 0.36 0.30 0.17 0.28 8 Netherlands 0.836 0.882 0.917 0.932 0.934 0.939 0.942 0.944 –1 0.54 0.39 0.32 0.42 10 Denmark 0.806 0.870 0.917 0.935 0.933 0.936 0.939 0.940 –6 0.77 0.53 0.28 0.53 11 Finland 0.790 0.864 0.916 0.928 0.930 0.935 0.937 0.938 –2 0.90 0.59 0.26 0.59 11 Singapore 0.721 0.821 0.909 0.926 0.931 0.933 0.936 0.938 0 1.31 1.02 0.35 0.91 13 United Kingdom 0.781 0.874 0.912 0.925 0.923 0.926 0.928 0.932 0 1.13 0.43 0.24 0.61 14 Belgium 0.813 0.880 0.910 0.918 0.922 0.929 0.930 0.931 1 0.80 0.34 0.25 0.47 14 New Zealand 0.826 0.876 0.906 0.916 0.921 0.926 0.928 0.931 3 0.59 0.34 0.30 0.41 16 Canada 0.850 0.867 0.901 0.918 0.921 0.926 0.928 0.929 –1 0.20 0.39 0.34 0.31 17 United States 0.865 0.886 0.916 0.920 0.921 0.924 0.925 0.926 –3 0.24 0.33 0.12 0.24 18 Austria 0.803 0.847 0.904 0.913 0.915 0.919 0.921 0.922 0 0.53 0.65 0.22 0.48 19 Israel 0.801 0.861 0.895 0.909 0.910 0.913 0.916 0.919 1 0.72 0.39 0.29 0.48 19 Japan 0.818 0.858 0.887 0.906 0.908 0.915 0.917 0.919 2 0.48 0.33 0.39 0.40 19 Liechtenstein .. 0.862 0.904 0.911 0.911 0.916 0.919 0.919 0 .. 0.48 0.18 .. 22 Slovenia 0.774 0.832 0.889 0.894 0.894 0.907 0.912 0.917 2 0.73 0.66 0.35 0.59 23 Korea (Republic of) 0.732 0.823 0.889 0.904 0.907 0.912 0.914 0.916 –1 1.18 0.77 0.33 0.78 23 Luxembourg 0.797 0.860 0.898 0.903 0.906 0.913 0.913 0.916 0 0.76 0.43 0.22 0.48 25 Spain 0.761 0.832 0.872 0.888 0.895 0.903 0.905 0.904 1 0.90 0.47 0.40 0.60 26 France 0.786 0.849 0.879 0.893 0.895 0.897 0.898 0.901 –1 0.77 0.35 0.28 0.47 27 Czechia 0.738 0.804 0.870 0.888 0.891 0.896 0.898 0.900 –1 0.86 0.79 0.38 0.69 28 Malta 0.752 0.795 0.853 0.874 0.880 0.888 0.894 0.895 2 0.56 0.71 0.54 0.60 29 Estonia 0.735 0.787 0.852 0.871 0.877 0.885 0.889 0.892 2 0.69 0.80 0.51 0.67 29 Italy 0.776 0.838 0.879 0.882 0.882 0.886 0.890 0.892 –1 0.77 0.48 0.16 0.48 31 United Arab Emirates 0.723 0.782 0.820 0.847 0.859 0.881 0.889 0.890 6 0.79 0.48 0.91 0.72 32 Greece 0.761 0.804 0.865 0.875 0.877 0.879 0.881 0.888 –3 0.55 0.73 0.29 0.53 33 Cyprus 0.735 0.804 0.856 0.862 0.865 0.878 0.885 0.887 0 0.90 0.63 0.40 0.65 34 Lithuania 0.738 0.762 0.831 0.859 0.862 0.873 0.876 0.882 0 0.32 0.87 0.66 0.62 35 Poland 0.718 0.790 0.840 0.858 0.863 0.873 0.877 0.880 0 0.96 0.62 0.52 0.70 36 Andorra .. 0.813 0.837 0.863 0.862 0.863 0.867 0.868 –4 .. 0.29 0.40 .. 37 Latvia 0.711 0.735 0.824 0.845 0.849 0.859 0.863 0.866 3 0.33 1.15 0.55 0.68 38 Portugal 0.718 0.792 0.829 0.847 0.854 0.858 0.860 0.864 –1 0.99 0.46 0.46 0.64 39 Slovakia 0.741 0.765 0.831 0.847 0.850 0.855 0.858 0.860 –2 0.32 0.83 0.38 0.51 40 Hungary 0.708 0.772 0.831 0.838 0.842 0.846 0.850 0.854 1 0.87 0.74 0.30 0.65 40 Saudi Arabia 0.697 0.743 0.809 0.852 0.859 0.852 0.854 0.854 –4 0.64 0.85 0.60 0.70 42 Bahrain 0.749 0.795 0.800 0.820 0.848 0.854 0.852 0.852 6 0.60 0.06 0.70 0.45 43 Chile 0.706 0.756 0.803 0.837 0.842 0.847 0.849 0.851 0 0.69 0.60 0.65 0.65 43 Croatia 0.677 0.757 0.815 0.835 0.840 0.845 0.848 0.851 2 1.12 0.74 0.48 0.79 45 Qatar 0.750 0.816 0.834 0.835 0.839 0.848 0.845 0.848 0 0.85 0.22 0.19 0.42 46 Argentina 0.718 0.781 0.829 0.836 0.840 0.843 0.842 0.845 –2 0.84 0.60 0.21 0.56 47 Brunei Darussalam 0.767 0.802 0.827 0.838 0.838 0.838 0.836 0.838 –6 0.45 0.31 0.15 0.31 48 Montenegro .. .. 0.802 0.813 0.816 0.822 0.826 0.829 2 .. .. 0.37 .. 49 Romania 0.708 0.716 0.805 0.811 0.815 0.821 0.823 0.828 2 0.11 1.18 0.31 0.54 50 Palau .. 0.744 0.786 0.825 0.820 0.822 0.822 0.826 –3 .. 0.55 0.55 .. 51 Kazakhstan 0.690 0.685 0.764 0.798 0.806 0.815 0.819 0.825 7 –0.07 1.10 0.86 0.62 52 Russian Federation 0.735 0.722 0.781 0.807 0.809 0.820 0.823 0.824 1 –0.18 0.79 0.60 0.39 53 Belarus .. 0.686 0.795 0.814 0.814 0.819 0.823 0.823 –4 .. 1.49 0.39 .. 54 Turkey 0.583 0.660 0.739 0.796 0.801 0.814 0.817 0.820 5 1.25 1.14 1.16 1.18 55 Uruguay 0.694 0.743 0.782 0.803 0.806 0.814 0.816 0.817 1 0.68 0.51 0.49 0.56 56 Bulgaria 0.708 0.720 0.788 0.806 0.809 0.811 0.813 0.816 –2 0.17 0.91 0.39 0.49 57 Panama 0.675 0.735 0.774 0.795 0.799 0.811 0.812 0.815 5 0.86 0.52 0.58 0.65 58 Bahamas .. 0.797 0.805 0.805 0.808 0.812 0.812 0.814 –3 .. 0.10 0.12 .. 58 Barbados 0.732 0.771 0.797 0.808 0.809 0.810 0.810 0.814 –6 0.52 0.33 0.23 0.37 60 Oman .