Regis University ePublications at Regis University All Regis University Theses Spring 2017 Restoring Order to Catechesis: A Practical Guide to the Implementation of the Restored Order of the Sacraments Jessica Wilkerson Otero Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.regis.edu/theses Recommended Citation Otero, Jessica Wilkerson, "Restoring Order to Catechesis: A Practical Guide to the Implementation of the Restored Order of the Sacraments" (2017). All Regis University Theses. 815. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/815 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by ePublications at Regis University. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Regis University Theses by an authorized administrator of ePublications at Regis University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Forward Telling the Story I first stumbled upon the idea of the Restored Order completely by accident (at least it seemed like that at the time). The Catholic sacrament of Confirmation is one that has interested me as a thesis topic since my sophomore year of college when I took a class on Catholic sacramental practice. Theologically, Confirmation is a small and confusing sacrament, and practically it is a huge ordeal, often consisting of a two-year sacramental preparation program and parties and ceremonies that have been called by some a Catholic Bar Mitzvah. Since that class, I have been immensely interested in this disconnect, how it originated, and how it can be corrected (if it even needs to be corrected at all). My thesis process began in my junior year with the idea that I would write a curriculum for Confirmation preparation for middle schoolers that sought to find the root of Confirmation and to help engage adolescents in learning about the faith and forming a relationship with God. After a few months of researching, I found myself telling an RCIA (Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults) teacher about my plans and research one day after Mass, and he asked me if I would be writing anything about the “Restored Order.” In the months of reading and research I had conducted so far, this term had never come up. He explained to me that it was something the Archbishop of Denver was doing to move Confirmation down to third grade. I wasn’t sure I agreed with this change, so I decided to ignore it at first. But I believe that God led me to the research and opened my heart to this idea of Restored Order. After I read about all the history, theology, and child development pedagogy behind the change, I couldn’t help but be convinced. The arguments for and against this idea of the Restored Order will be the main topic of my first chapter. There are many misconceptions and 1 misunderstandings surrounding the sacrament of Confirmation that I wish to clear up. Hopefully, by the end, my reader can be as convinced as I have become. Looking into the Restored Order really helped me to better understand the disconnect between the theological meaning of the sacrament and the practical implementation of the sacrament. I was able to see that many misconceptions about Confirmation attached themselves to the sacrament because of the age at which Confirmation was usually given. Because Confirmation is usually given in adolescence, the sacrament began to be seen as a sacrament of maturity, choice, and a graduation from religious education. But none of these ideas are essential to the sacrament of Confirmation. Part of the purpose of the Restored Order is to make the real purpose and meaning of the sacrament clearer to the faithful. This realization was very helpful for thinking about how students should prepare to receive the sacrament of Confirmation. Once I stripped away the unnecessary pieces, I was able to see the core purpose of the sacrament: for God to reach out to the baptized and bestow His blessing and grace. To be prepared to receive this sacrament, children only need to be ready to reach back to God and accept these gifts. With this new understanding of the sacrament’s purpose, it seems the primary purpose for a sacramental preparation course would be to foster a relationship with God. There is factual knowledge that should be taught, but mainly for the purpose of furthering and deepening this relationship. The questions then become, when preparing a sacramental preparation curriculum, how do we strike a balance between the factual knowledge and relationship building? And how can my curriculum lead children to a relationship with God? These are the questions I explore in my second chapter and in Appendix A. The next two appendices were conceived naturally out of pure necessity. No learning is isolated to a student. Curricula must take teachers, parents, communities, and parishes into 2 account as well. It was a natural next step to include information of educating and supporting parents and catechists as well. My main audience for this thesis are these parents, catechists, parishes (particularly Directors of Religious Education, and other heads of catechesis within the parish), and those concerned with catechesis at the diocesan level in the Archdiocese of Denver. But this thesis could be helpful to any diocese that is undergoing a change to the Restored Order, or is already implementing the Restored Order. It may also be of value to anyone interested in Catholic sacramental practice and catechesis. My main goal with this thesis is to provide a resource for Confirmation preparation from an educator’s perspective. I wish to invigorate the Religious Education of our young people. I was always left wanting more out my own RE experience as a child, and I used that desire to guide my thought and ideas. I also hope to share the deep insight I have received into the Restored Order. I truly believe that I have been lead down this path by God for a purpose. There are so many reasons for the whole Church to be moving in this direction, and I believe God wants me to be a part of it. The journey has just begun; let us enjoy it. All the Best, Jessie Wilkerson 3 Chapter One Introduction to the Restored Order of the Sacraments What is it? In May of 2015, Archbishop Samuel Aquila sent out a pastoral letter to the people of the archdiocese of Denver. In this letter, Aquila announced that the Denver archdiocese would soon move to using the Restored Order of the Sacraments. This move for Denver is not new for Aquila, but rather a continuation of the change he made in Fargo, North Dakota, while he was Bishop there. Archbishop Aquila, with his background of theological studies and experience with the Restored Order in Fargo, obviously thinks that the move will benefit the people of the Church, and this writer is inclined to agree. The Restored Order brings us back to our original traditions, which are extremely important to the Catholic Church. More importantly however, the Restored Order organizes the sacraments in a way that makes more sense developmentally and theologically. Before we flesh out these claims, we have to answer a few practical question: What is the Restored Order? Why has the bishop decided to make this change? What benefits does the bishop anticipate for the archdiocese? To answer the first, most obvious question of what the Restored Order is, we need to look into the history of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church is a sacramental community. The seven sacraments (Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Matrimony, Holy Orders, and Anointing of the Sick) are celebrated throughout the life of a Catholic. It is the three sacraments of initiation (Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist) that are affected by the Restored Order. These three sacraments are celebrated to bring a person (usually a child, but there is a rite for people who convert in adulthood) into the Church community. The contemporary practice in the Western Church (the Eastern Church keeps a more ancient initiation practice) is to baptize 4 children when they are babies. They then receive their first Eucharist around age 7 (dubbed the age of reason by the Church), and then they are confirmed in late middle school - early high school. This is not the traditional order, nor the developmentally and theologically appropriate order. The history of how we got to this inappropriate order is a convoluted one. It involved a series of random events and decisions made for practical reasons with little to no theological backing. According to the history in Thomas Santa’s Essential Catholic Handbook of the Sacraments, in the early Church the sacraments of initiation looked very different than they do today. At this time, it was mostly adults who were being initiated. There is some biblical evidence of whole families being initiated (most likely including infants) but infant baptism did not become the norm until much later. When adults were initiated into the Church, they underwent an extensive catechesis that ended in the initiation ceremony, containing all three sacraments of initiation, at the Easter Vigil. On top of this, the sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation were not separated. The bishop would baptize the candidate through the pouring of water, the anointing with oil, and the laying on of hands all in the same ceremony. The candidates would then enter the sanctuary where they would receive their first Eucharist and be accepted as full members of the Church. This all changed rather radically after Christianity was legalized. There was such a huge influx of people wanting to be baptized that the pouring of water (Baptism rite) was separated from the laying on of hands and anointing (Confirmation rite).