Jet JUNE Propulsion 2008 Laboratory VOLUME 38 NUMBER 6 Phoenix stands tall Spacecraft makes ‘flawless’ landing on Mars arctic plain By Guy Webster and Mark Whalen Tom Wynne / JPL Tom Photo Lab Reacting to Phoenix’s successful landing are, from left, Project Manager Barry Goldstein; Ed Sedivy, Phoenix program This approximate-color view was obtained on sol 2 by the Surface Stereo Imager manager for Lockheed Martin Space Systems, and Peter Smith, Phoenix principal investigator. on the Phoenix lander. The view is toward the northwest, showing polygonal terrain near the lander and out to the horizon. It was hugs, cheers and high-fives all around for members of the Phoenix team and “I told the team that the seven minutes of terror would now be replaced by three their supporters in the late afternoon of May 25, as the spacecraft touched down to months of joy,” Goldstein said, referring to Phoenix’s nominal three-month mission. a safe landing on the Martian polar north. In addition to using JPL’s Mars Reconnaissance and Odyssey orbiters to monitor “In my dreams it couldn’t have gone as perfectly as it went,” exclaimed Phoenix the landing, the European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter also supported the Project Manager Barry Goldstein. “I can’t be more proud of the team than I am right entry, descent and landing phase by confirming Phoenix’s descent characteristics, now.” including speed and acceleration through the Martian atmosphere. Launched last August, Phoenix completed its 422-million-mile journey (about About two hours after touchdown, Phoenix’s first pictures confirmed that the solar 680 million kilometers) at 4:53:44 p.m. Pacific Time, landing in a valley about arrays needed for the mission’s energy supply had unfolded properly, and masts for 30 miles wide. Initial images from the spacecraft’s camera showed a hilly area the stereo camera and weather station had swung into vertical position. about 250 meters away from the lander. Smith was thrilled with the landing site, noting that it reminded him of active Among those in the JPL control room was NASA Administrator Mike Griffin, who regions seen in the Arctic on Earth. “We’ve really nailed it,” he said. “This is exactly noted this was the first successful Mars landing without airbags since Viking 2 in the place we want to be. It’s a scientist’s dream. 1976. “The workspace is ideal for us because it looks very diggable,” Smith added. “For the first time in 32 years, and only the third time in history, a JPL team has “We’re very happy to see just a few rocks scattered in the digging area. We can see carried out a soft landing on Mars,” Griffin said. “This team took something that is cracks in the troughs that make us think the ice is still modifying the surface. We incredibly hard to do and made it look easy. Very few things humans do require such see fresh cracks. Cracks can’t be old. They would fill in. accuracy. I couldn’t be happier to be here to witness this incredible achievement.” “The surface interacts with the atmosphere in significant ways,” he said. “No- “I was right to be optimistic,” added Peter Smith of the University of Arizona, the body’s ever studied how this has happened, and we’d like the chance.” mission’s principal investigator. “This team performed perfectly.” Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter relayed spectacular first images of the lander from Added Mars Exploration Program Director Doug McCuistion: “Once entry, descent orbit, views from Phoenix of where it will work for the next three months and a and landing started, the anxiety level went up … but everything went absolutely preliminary weather report. The orbiter’s Hirise camera returned a full-resolution flawlessly. The spacecraft has been a flawless performer since launch. Absolutely view of Phoenix’s parachute and lander during its descent, with Heimdall crater in unbelievable.” the background. Phoenix appears to be descending into the 10-kilometer (6-mile) The time period within the entry, descent and landing phase known as “the seven crater, but is actually 20 kilometers, or about 12 miles, in front of it. minutes of terror” took Phoenix from more than 12,500 mph at the top of Mars’ atmosphere to just 5 mph shortly before touchdown. Continued on page 2 2 Phoenix Continued from page 1 Hirise’s image of Phoenix on the ground, taken about 22 hours after it landed, scientists want to keep out of “until we figure out how best to use this natural shows the parachute attached to the back shell, the heat shield and the lander Martian resource,” said Surface Stereo Imager co-investigator Mark Lemmon itself against red Mars. The parachute and lander are about 300 meters, roughly niverse of Texas A&M University. Other nearby areas were named after fairy-tale char- U 1,000 feet, apart. acters and folk legends, including Ichabod (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow) and “Phoenix is in perfect health,” Goldstein said Wednesday morning, May 28, the Alice (Alice in Wonderland). same day Phoenix scientists sent commands to unstow the spacecraft’s robotic On May 30 scientists announced that ice may have been exposed when soil arm and take more images of its landing site. was blown away as Phoenix landed. The possible ice appears in an image the The robotic arm’s first movement was delayed by one day when Tuesday’s robotic arm camera took underneath the lander. “We could very well be see- commands from Earth did not get all the way to the lander. The commands ing rock, or we could be seeing exposed ice in the retrorocket blast zone,” said went to Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as planned, but the orbiter’s Electra UHF Ray Arvidson of Washington University, co-investigator for the robotic arm. Full radio system for relaying commands to Phoenix temporarily shut off. Without confirmation will come when layers in the nearby workspace are excavated and new commands, the lander instead carried out a set of activity commands sent analyzed, he said. Monday, May 26 as a backup. Images and other information from those activities Testing on May 29 of Phoenix’s Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer instrument were successfully relayed back to Earth by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Tues- that bakes and sniffs samples identified a possible short circuit. The instrument day evening. includes a calorimeter that tracks how much heat is needed to melt or vaporize Wednesday morning’s uplink to Phoenix and evening downlink from Phoenix substances in a sample, plus a mass spectrometer to examine vapors driven off were planned with JPL’s Mars Odyssey orbiter as the relay. “We are using Odys- by the heat. The tests recorded electrical behavior consistent with an intermit- sey as our primary link until we have a better understanding of what happened tent short circuit in the spectrometer portion. with Electra,” Goldstein said. He added that the first digging activity by the William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the instrument, robotic arm would take place the week of June 1. said a strategy had been developed to gain a better understanding of the behav- On May 29, the team revealed that the larger rocks in the digging area mea- ior and that workarounds for some of the possibilities have been identified. sure approximately five to eight inches in length. Images also showed a polygo- For the latest images from Mars and more about the mission, visit http://www. nal area dedicated as the first “national park system” on Mars, a protected spot jpl.nasa.gov/phoenix. Left: An approximate-color image taken shortly after landing by Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager that shows a polygonal pattern in the ground near the lander, similar in appearance to icy ground in the Arctic regions of Earth. Below: Fuk Li (left), head of JPL’s Mars Exploration Directorate, celebrates the successful landing, as JPL Director Charles Elachi enjoys the moment with NASA Administrator Mike Griffin. Tom Wynne / JPL Tom Photo Lab Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s high-resolution camera acquired this image of Phoenix hanging from its parachute as it This color image from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s High Resolution Imaging descended to the Martian surface. Shown here is a 10-kilometer (6-mile) diameter crater informally called “Heimdall,” Science Experiment camera shows the Phoenix lander with its solar panels deployed and an improved full-resolution image of the parachute and lander. Although it appears that Phoenix is descending into on the Martian surface. the crater, it is actually about 20 kilometers (about 12 miles) in front of the crater. Riding the waves 3 niverse U Parag Vaze The Ocean Surface Topography Mission, set to launch in June, will continue the tradition of Topex/Poseidon, Jason 1 Lee-Leung Fu By Mark Whalen Photos by Carol Lachata / JPL Photo Lab ONE OF JPL’S MOST ACCOMplISHED AND CRITICAL OCEANOGRAPHY STUDIES Fu: Topex and Jason 1 performed excellently over the open ocean, and the advanced CONTINUES WITH THE LAUNCH OF THE JASON 2 SATELLITE ON THE OCEAN SURFACE microwave radiometer will improve those measurements. In particular, the radiom- TopoGRAPHY MISSION, SCHEDULED FOR JUNE 15 FROM VANDENBERG AIR FoRCE eter antenna is larger than that on Jason, leading to better resolution. For example, BASE. THE MISSION IS A FolloW-ON TO TopEX/POSEIDON AND JASON 1, WHICH the radiometer will take accurate measurements up to 25 kilometers from the coast HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO A CLIMATE DATA RECORD OF MORE THAN 15 YEARS THAT HAS SHOWN KEY INDICATORS OF HOW OCEAN CIRCULATION AND GloBAL SEA LEVEL instead of Jason 1’s 50-kilometer capability.