A CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS OF REPAIR IN ELLEN DEGENERES SHOW SEASON 11 A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of the Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Language and Literature Debby Yunita Saputri 10211144011 ENGLISH LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY 2015 DEDICATIONS I dedicated this thesis to my dearest ibuk, mama, papa, mbak, and adek. Their never-ending prayers, love, and support are my greatest source of motivation. iv MOTTOS So verily, with the hardship, there is relief. Verily, with the hardship, there is relief. (Al-Insyirah:5-6) Do not lose hope, nor be sad. You will surely be victorious if you are true in Faith. (Al-Imran :3) v TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................... i RATIFICATION SHEET ............................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN ................................................................................... iii DEDICATIONS ............................................................................................. iv MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................... x LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study .................................................................... 1 B. Research Focus ................................................................................... 3 C. Research Objectives ........................................................................... 4 D. Research Significance ........................................................................ 5 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A. Literature Reviews ............................................................................. 6 1. Pragmatics ................................................................................... 6 2. Conversation Analysis ................................................................. 10 a. Turn-taking ........................................................................... 11 b. Adjancency Pairs .................................................................. 13 c. Preference Organization ....................................................... 14 d. Repair ................................................................................... 15 1) Types of Repair ............................................................. 17 a) Self-initiated self-completed repair ........................ 17 b) Self-initiated other-completed repair ..................... 18 c) Other-initiated self-completed repair ..................... 19 d) Other-initiated other-completed repair .................. 19 vii 2) Repair operations .......................................................... 20 3. Description of Ellen DeGeneres Show ........................................ 32 B. Previous Related Studies .................................................................... 36 C. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................... 38 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Types of Study ................................................................................... 41 B. Instrument ........................................................................................... 41 C. Forms, Contexts, and Sources of Data ............................................... 42 D. Techniques of Data Collection ........................................................... 42 E. Techniques of Data Analysis .............................................................. 43 F. Trustworthiness of the Data ............................................................... 46 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings .............................................................................................. 47 1. Types of repair in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11 ............................................................................ 47 2. Repair operations in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11 ........................................................ 49 B. Discussion ........................................................................................... 51 1. Types of repair in Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11................... 52 a. Self-initiated self-completed repair ....................................... 52 b. Self-initiated other-completed repair .................................... 55 c. Other-initiated self-completed repair .................................... 57 d. Other-initiated other-completed repair .................................. 60 2. Repair operations in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11.......................................................... 61 a. Replacing............................................................................... 62 b. Inserting................................................................................. 65 c. Deleting ................................................................................. 67 d. Searching ............................................................................... 68 e. Parenthesizing ....................................................................... 70 f. Aborting ................................................................................ 73 g. Sequence-jumping ................................................................. 76 h. Recycling............................................................................... 76 i. Reformatting ......................................................................... 79 j. Reordering ............................................................................. 81 k. Repeat ................................................................................... 84 l. Rephrasing ........................................................................... 84 m. Confirmation ........................................................................ 84 viii n. Explanation .......................................................................... 86 o. Rejection .............................................................................. 87 p. Combination ......................................................................... 87 q. Clarification .......................................................................... 89 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions ........................................................................................ 90 B. Suggestions .......................................................................................... 92 REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 93 APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 96 ix LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table1: Types of FPP and SPP actions ........................................................... 14 Table2: The pattern of preference organization ............................................. 15 Table 3: Types of repair in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11 ........................................................................................ 48 Table 4: Repair operations in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11 ................................................................................. 50 Figure 1: Analytical Construct ....................................................................... 40 x LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Data Findings of Types of Repair and Repair Operations in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11 ... 96 Appendix 2 : Surat Pernyataan Triangulasi ................................................... 128 xi A CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS OF REPAIR IN ELLEN DEGENERES SHOW SEASON 11 Debby Yunita Saputri 10211144011 ABSTRACT This research analyzes repair phenomena in the interview session in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11. It focuses on analyzing the types of repair and repair operations. Descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research since the data of this research were in the forms of words, clauses, and sentences containing repair phenomenon. Quantitative method was also employed to measure the frequency of occurrences of types of repair and repair operations. In analyzing the data, textual analysis was employed in this research. In addition, trustworthiness of the data was achieved through triangulation. The research findings show that all types of repair occur in the talk show. Self-initiated self-completed repair has the highest frequency of occurrence since the trouble sources mostly occurred inside the speaker’s mind. Also, the speaker of the trouble source can provide the repair by himself within the same turn. On the other hand, other-initiated other-completed repair is the most rarely employed repair