INDEX Note: for convenience, three sub-categories within this index (“Kurdish localities,” “Kurdish tribes” and “Kurdish villages”) were arranged in accordance with related subjects and names of persons ( rst names rst) within each category. The rest of the index with both subjects and names was arranged alphabetically. Abbs Mirza, 14. Arab countries (states), 10, 296, 300, Abu Shamma, Ezra ( Jewish inmate in 310, 328, 329, 330. Baghdad Prison), 332. Arabs, 29, 149, 175, 205, 206, 228, 246, Agha(s), 298, 300–337. arbitration in local quarrels, 175; as Aramaic (Neo-Aramaic) dialects, 3–4. \ rars (runaway), 47, 50, 64, 68, 90, Arlozorov, Haim (head, political 103, 100, 164, 194, 197, 198, 210, department, the Jewish Agency), 295. 225; assassins of, 49, 156; association army, 1, 28, 30, 39, 49, 50, 52, 60, 64, with wealthy Jews, 46–58, 49, 63–78, 97, 101, 103, 104, 109, 114, 116–117, 84–85, 89–90, 95–96, 110; brigands 147, 174, 193, 194, 203, 208, 245, of, 134, 136, 155; characterized 271, 289, 292, 296, 298, 305, 306, as honest and righteous rulers and 311, 313, 314, 325, 327, 328, 343. judges, 38, 167–185, 339–341; Assyrian(s), see also Chaldeans, characterized as righteous gentiles, Christians, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 34, 46, 47, 38, 339; characterized as greedy and 48, 49, 96, 106, 151, 155, 244, 280, exploiters, 52, 82–92, 110, 155, 156, 293; attack on Jewish villagers, 160, 203, 204, 225, 228, 240, 292–93; Church of the East, 290; 242–246; dues, commissions, gifts, crisis of 1933, 93, 94, 222, 295; received by, 24, 25, 41, 49, 80–90, refugees, during and post WWI, 50, 152, 167, 190, 236–242; patronage of 79, 100, 131, 285–86, 290, 292, Jews by, 8, 24–25, 36–43, 47, 88–89, 293; levy, 49, 101, 103 (web site on 110–111, 120–121, 127, 129, the Assyrian Levies, developed by 135–166, 167–183, 184, 201, 204, Gabriel “Gaby” Kiwarkis, 103–104); 213, 225, 226, 239, 240, 253, massacres, 295; Turkish clashes with, 276–280, 323, 324, 335, 339, 340, 193. 341, 343; prevent recruitment of Assyrian village(s), Alanish, 49; Alqosh, subjects to the army (during WWI), 7; Baz, 139, 156; Bersibi, 35, 48; 276–280; value Jews as assets, 148, Misho b. Ziro, Christian mukhtr of 152, 156–59, 163, 183, 240, 341; Bersivi, 72; Bdaro, 287; Drgni, 199; warmer relationship with some Jewish Faishkabour, 127, 316; Hayis, 151; protégés, 49–51, 52–58, 67–78, Kestaye, 34, 46, 50, 244; Narah, 48; 95–96, 101–103, 113–120; zebara Sharanesh, 48; Sinat, 48; Tel Keppe (communal labor) on behalf of, (Tel Kef ), 7. 143, 146, 149, 183, 233, 240–241, Assyrian Tribe(s), Baz, 135, 156; Jilu, 341. 135, 155; Tiyr , 79, 135, 234; ahl al-dhimma, ahl al-kitb (also Tkhuma, 68, 96, 101, 103, 135, 158. dhimmi), 11, 139, 147, 236–37, 338. Al Shh, Fat4, 14. badal (askari), military-substitute tax, Allen, Rev. B., 272, 285, 290. 237, 280–284. amulet(s), made by Jews, used by Baghdad, 7, 14, 16, 21, 22, 33, 35, 42, Kurds, 90–95; suspected as a Zionist 58, 61, 64, 65, 89, 102, 107, 109, espionage, 315–16. 112, 132, 140, 189, 190, 191, 216, 366 index 217, 221, 247, 248, 264, 265, 267, communism, communist activity, 47, 271, 272, 278, 290, 291, 295, 296, 310–311, 320. 299, 300, 301, 302, 203, 304, 305, Cumberland, Roger, murder of a 306, 307, 311, 312, 313, 314, 316, missionary (see also Kurdistani Jews, 321, 323, 326, 331, 332, 335, 336, ka r ku-t—the killing of in dels), 90, 337, 343. 195–197. Balfour Declaration, 296. Basra, 89, 271, 290, 295, 316. dakhala (asylum), 103. Badger, George Percy, 98. day of judgment, 16. Baradaeous, Jacob, 5. D’Beth Hillel, David ( Jewish traveler), Barzn , Rabbi Shmuel, 193, 213. 10, 11, 14, 16, 97, 108, 125, 127, Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak (head, national Jewish 132, 214, 218, 234. committee, later President of Israel), Dickson, B., 187, 225. 294–95. Benjamin II (Benjamin Yoseph, Jewish East Syrians, 6. traveler), 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 59, Edelman, M. ( Jewish traveler), 108. 128, 129, 132, 139, 140, 142, 143, Edmonds, C. J., 24, 25, 110, 204, 227, 150, 151, 219. 251. Bible, 1, 7, 99, 139, 196, 291, 338. Egypt, 10, 176, 285, 300. Bird, Isabella L., 254 (see also Bishop, Eretz Yisrael (see also Holy land, J. F., 134, 234). Palestine), 27, 139, 194, 205, 259, Blau, Joyce, 249. 297, 307, 328. Brauer, Eric, 7, 83, 126, 146. Europe, 213, 218; European consuls, Braver, A. J., 22, 134, 144, 146, 217, 318. 189. Bruinessen, Martin van, 134, 152. Farhud pogroms, 94, 300, 301–310. Fischel, Rabbi Ye4iel ( Jewish traveler), Catholic Chaldeans, 6, 7, 79. 11, 214, 215, 218. Catholic Eastern Churches, 7. forced labor (see also sukhra, zebara), Çelebi, Evliya, 79. 24, 233, 240, 241, 245, 386–288. Chaldean(s), 3, 6, 7, 59, 79, 152, 195; France, 271. migrate to Baghdad and the USA, Fraser, J. B., 13. 7; emigrate from Turkey to Iraq, following WWI, 79. gas station, \ rst in Zakho, licensed by a Christian(s), 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 23, 26, 27, Jew, 245–46, 292. 43, 49, 50, 55, 59, 68, 79, 81, 90, (al)-Giln , Rash d, Al (Iraqi prime 98, 101, 102, 129, 130, 134, 135, minister), 209, 211, 300–310, 343. 139, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 154, government, duality of, 23–24, 30, 36, 156, 157, 164, 183, 195, 196, 198, 140, 144, 339. 204, 219, 234, 235, 237, 238, 243, Grant, Asahel, 98. 248, 249, 250, 257, 264, 277, 280, Great Britain, British, 9, 22, 27, 28, 33, 283, 290, 291, 293, 316, 321, 327, 34, 38, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 338, 339; anti-Semitism, 9, 10; 53, 63, 66, 69, 70, 71, 74, 80, 89, denominations, 5–7; in Turkey, 9; of 90, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 112, 126, Dohuk, 248–49, 283; of Faishkhabur, 144, 146, 156, 160, 174, 193, 194, 316; of Hakkri, 6; mission(s), 195, 197, 198, 207, 208, 210, 211, missionary, 68, 79, 90, 96, 98, 99, 217, 219, 221, 222, 227, 234, 245, 151, 155, 158, 196, 237, 255, 285; 246, 265, 271, 275, 281, 290–298, murder of, 46–48; oppression of, 68; 300–310, 318, 320, 325, 326, 332; subjects, 43; tribes, 338; village(s), 47, British (military, intelligence) report(s), 48, 199, 220, 251, 287; women, 248, 9, 48, 49, 52, 99, 100, 101, 103, 126, 263. 160, 174, 194, 198, 207, 210, 219, Christianity, 11, 247. 222, 234, 294, 320. circumcision (of Muslims by Jews), 304. Gordon, M., 147..