The Use of Serious Games in the Corporate Sector A State of the Art Report Author: Lynda Donovan, Pedagogical Lead December 2012 In Confidence. For Internal Use Only. Copyright © Copyright Learnovate Centre 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this document protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilised in any form, or by any means electronic or mechanical, (including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system) without prior written permission. Page | 1 Table of Contents Table of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 5 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7 3 The Pedagogy of Games-based Learning .................................................................................. 8 3.1 Motivation and Engagement ................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Constructivism ......................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Cognitive Apprenticeship ...................................................................................................... 10 3.4 Experiential Learning ............................................................................................................ 10 3.5 Social Learning Theory ......................................................................................................... 10 3.6 Self Determination Theory .................................................................................................... 10 3.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 11 4 The Research Evidence to Support Games-based Learning ................................................... 12 4.1 Overall Effectiveness of Games ............................................................................................ 12 4.1.1 Impact of games-based learning on learning outcomes ............................................... 12 4.1.2 Impact of games-based learning on attitudes or motivation ......................................... 12 4.1.3 Impact of games-based learning on retention or transfer of knowledge ....................... 13 4.1.4 Other meta-analysis findings ......................................................................................... 13 4.2 Research Evidence for Effectiveness of Game Mechanisms ............................................... 13 4.2.1 Rewards ........................................................................................................................ 13 4.2.2 Avatars .......................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 14 5 Application of Games-based Learning to Corporate Training ................................................... 15 5.1 Cognitive Domain .................................................................................................................. 15 5.1.1 Factual (declarative) knowledge ................................................................................... 15 5.1.2 Conceptual knowledge .................................................................................................. 15 5.1.3 Compliance training (rules-based knowledge) .............................................................. 15 5.1.4 Skills training ................................................................................................................. 16 5.1.5 Soft-skills training .......................................................................................................... 16 5.1.6 Problem-based learning and decision making .............................................................. 16 5.2 Affective Domain ................................................................................................................... 16 5.3 Psychomotor Domain ............................................................................................................ 17 5.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 17 6 The Uptake of Serious Games in the Corporate Sector ........................................................... 18 6.1 Use of Serious Games for Training ....................................................................................... 19 Page | 2 6.1.1 Finance training ............................................................................................................. 19 6.1.2 Business training ........................................................................................................... 21 6.1.3 Hospitality training ......................................................................................................... 23 6.1.4 Skills training ................................................................................................................. 23 6.1.5 New hire orientation ...................................................................................................... 24 6.2 Use of Serious Games for Recruitment ................................................................................ 24 6.3 Use of Serious Games for Marketing and Sales ................................................................... 25 6.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 26 7 Implications of Serious Games for eLearning Providers ........................................................... 27 7.1 Questions posed to the Learnovate Centre’s Industry Partners ........................................... 27 7.2 Further Implications for eLearning Providers ........................................................................ 29 7.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 29 8 Designing Serious Games – Key Considerations ..................................................................... 31 8.1 Designing for Challenge, Curiosity, Control and Fantasy ..................................................... 31 8.1.1 Challenge ...................................................................................................................... 31 8.1.2 Curiosity ........................................................................................................................ 32 8.1.3 Control ........................................................................................................................... 32 8.1.4 Fantasy .......................................................................................................................... 32 8.2 Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Game ............................................................................ 33 8.3 Integrating Games into a Blended Training Strategy ............................................................ 33 8.4 Involving Instructional Designers in Game Design ............................................................... 33 8.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 33 9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 34 10 Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 35 About the Learnovate Centre ................................................................................................................ 38 Page | 3 Table of Figures Figure 1: Flow Theory ............................................................................................................................. 9 Figure 2: From M2 Research Report – Gamification in 2012 ............................................................... 18 Figure 3: Ambient Insight 2012 Report on Worldwide Game-based Learning Market ......................... 18 Figure 4: €conomia ............................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 5: BankersLab’s CollectionLab .................................................................................................. 20 Figure 6: True Office ............................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 7: Deloitte’s Business Simulation Game .................................................................................... 21 Figure 8: Front Square’s CoCo Sim ...................................................................................................... 22 Figure 9: Deloitte’s ‘gamified’ Leadership Academy ............................................................................. 22 Figure 10: Hilton Garden Inn’s Ultimate Team Play ............................................................................