Arizona State Implementation Plan Regional Haze Under Section 308 Of the Federal Regional Haze Rule Air Quality Division January 2011 (page intentionally blank) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Overview of Visibility and Regional Haze..................................................................................2 1.2 Arizona Class I Areas.................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Background of the Regional Haze Rule ......................................................................................3 1.3.1 The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments................................................................................ 3 1.3.2 Phase I Visibility Rules – The Arizona Visibility Protection Plan ..................................... 4 1.3.3 The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments................................................................................ 4 1.3.4 Submittal of Arizona 309 SIP............................................................................................. 6 1.4 Purpose of This Document .......................................................................................................... 9 1.4.1 Basic Plan Elements.......................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2: ARIZONA REGIONAL HAZE SIP DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ......................... 15 2.1 Federal Land Manager Consultation ......................................................................................... 15 2.2 State Consultation...................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Tribal Consultation.................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3: ARIZONA CLASS I AREAS .................................................................................... 17 3.1 Chiricahua National Monument ................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Chiricahua Wilderness Area...................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Galiuro Wilderness Area ........................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Grand Canyon National Park..................................................................................................... 18 3.5 Mazatzal Wilderness Area......................................................................................................... 19 3.6 Mount Baldy Wilderness Area .................................................................................................. 20 3.7 Petrified Forest National Park ................................................................................................... 21 3.8 Pine Mountain Wilderness Area................................................................................................ 21 3.9 Saguaro National Park............................................................................................................... 22 3.10 Sierra Ancha Wilderness Area .................................................................................................. 23 3.11 Superstition Wilderness Area.................................................................................................... 23 3.12 Sycamore Canyon Wilderness Area.......................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 4: MONITORING NETWORK ..................................................................................... 25 4.1 Overview of the IMPROVE Monitoring Network .................................................................... 25 4.2 Arizona IMPROVE Monitoring Network ................................................................................. 26 4.2.1 Chiricahua NM (CHIR1) .................................................................................................. 27 4.2.2 Hance Camp at Grand Canyon (GRCA2)......................................................................... 28 4.2.3 Ike’s Backbone (IKBA1) .................................................................................................. 28 4.2.4 Mount Baldy (BALD1)..................................................................................................... 29 4.2.5 Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO1) ........................................................................... 30 4.2.6 Saguaro NM (SAGU1) and West Unit (SAWE1) ............................................................ 30 4.2.7 Sierra Ancha (SIAN1) ...................................................................................................... 31 4.2.5 Sycamore Canyon (SYCA1)............................................................................................. 31 4.2.6 Tonto NM (TONT1) ......................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Arizona Regional Haze Monitoring Commitments................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 5: TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND DATA .......................................................... 35 5.1 WRAP and Technical Support .................................................................................................. 35 5.1.1 WRAP Committees and Workgroups............................................................................... 35 5.1.2 WRAP Technical Support System.................................................................................... 37 i CHAPTER 6: BASELINE, CURRENT CONDITIONS, ESTIMATE OF NATURAL VISIBILITY CONDITIONS AND UNIFORM RATE OF PROGRESS.......................................... 39 6.1 The Deciview............................................................................................................................. 39 6.2 Baseline and Current Visibility Conditions............................................................................... 39 6.3 Monitoring Data ........................................................................................................................ 40 6.4 Natural Visibility Conditions..................................................................................................... 40 6.5 Uniform Progress....................................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 7: VISIBILITY IMPAIRMENT AT ARIZONA CLASS I AREAS.............................. 43 7.1 Chiricahua National Monument, Chiricahua Wilderness, and Galiuro Wilderness .................. 45 7.2 Grand Canyon National Park..................................................................................................... 47 7.3 Mazatzal Wilderness and Pine Mountain Wilderness ............................................................... 48 7.4 Mount Baldy Wilderness........................................................................................................... 49 7.5 Petrified Forest National Park ................................................................................................... 52 7.6 Saguaro National Park............................................................................................................... 55 7.7 Sierra Ancha Wilderness ........................................................................................................... 59 7.8 Superstition Wilderness............................................................................................................. 61 7.9 Sycamore Canyon Wilderness................................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 8: EMISSIONS INVENTORY....................................................................................... 65 8.1 Anthropogenic Sources.............................................................................................................. 65 8.2 Natural Sources ......................................................................................................................... 65 8.3 Overview of Emission Inventory System – WRAP TSS........................................................... 65 8.4 Arizona Emissions Data ............................................................................................................ 66 8.5 Regional Emissions Data........................................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER 9: SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AND REGIONAL HAZE MODELING................. 79 9.1 Modeling Overview................................................................................................................... 79 9.1.1 Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model ..................................................... 79 9.1.2 Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT)....................................... 80 9.1.3 Weighted Emissions Potential (WEP) .............................................................................. 81 9.2 Summary of Modeling Results for CMAQ ............................................................................... 81 9.2.1 CMAQ Modeling by Pollutant.......................................................................................... 82 9.3 Summary PSAT Modeling Results...........................................................................................