Cyprinus carpio Investigation of infection by some Endo- parasitic Protozoa species in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) in AL-Sinn fishfarm 2014 Cyprinus carpio Investigation of infection by some Endo- parasitic Protozoa species in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) in AL-Sinn fishfarm 2014 I IV V VI VII 2 1 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 6 6 1 2 4 6 6 7 8 8 10 12 14 15 15 16 2 2 4 I 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 Hexamitosis 3 2 4 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 1 3 4 22 23 2 3 4 26 5 26 1 5 27 2 5 28 3 5 29 4 5 29 1 4 5 29 2 4 5 33 3 4 5 II 34 4 4 5 34 5 4 5 36 6 36 1 6 42 2 6 42 Hexamitosis 3 6 43 7 44 8 44 9 49 10 49 1 10 51 2 10 III 5 1 Oocyst 7 2 15 3 11 Merozoites 4 12 5 12 6 13 7 14 8 15 9 Trypanosoma 1 18 10 Trypanoplasma 2 19 11 21 Hexamita 12 23 Hexamita 13 A 28 14 B 30 Cyprinus carpio carpio 15 31 16 33 17 34 18 34 19 35 20 35 21 36 22 IV 40 Goussia carpelli 23 40 Macrogametocyte 24 41 Merozoites 25 37 1 Goussia carpelli 39 2 Goussia 41 3 carpelli Goussia 42 carpelli 4 43 5 Goussia 44 carpelli 6 V Goussia Trypanosoma Trypanoplasma borreli Goussia subepithelialis carpelli Hexamita intestinalis danilewskyi Hexamitosis 200 2013 / 5 / 14 2012 / 6 / 6 Goussia carpelli Goussia subepithelials Nodular Coccidiosis Macrogametocytes Merozoites 3 Goussia carpelli 5.4 1.6 17.6 95.84 17.5 16 Trypanosoma Trypanoplasma borreli Hexamita intestinalis danilewskyi VI Abstract This study aimed at investigating the infection of cultured common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L. ) by Endo-Parasitic Protozoa in AL-Sinn fish farm, specially the species:( Goussia carpelli and Goussia subepithelialis), (Trypanoplasma borreli and Trypanosoma danilewskyi) and Hexamita intestinalis, which cause Coccidiosis, Trypanosomosis and Trypanoplasmosis, and Hexamitosis respectively. Two hundred fishes were randomly sampled during the period from 6/6/2012 to 14/5/2013 except winter. Our results indicated the presence, for the first time in Syria, of Goussia carpelli infection that causes Coccidiosis in common carp. This parasitic species showed a high specificity to the infected tissue where it was appeared only in the anterior intestine. The results also showed that there was no infection by Goussia subepithelialis that causes Nodular Coccidiosis. Two stages of Coccidia were found, the Merozoites and Macrogametocytes, while the Oocysts were absent. The Goussia carpelli infection was found only in the spring and summer and the prevalence reached (3%), whereas the highest was recorded in the summer (5.4%). Our results showed that the males were more infected than females (17.6% and 1.6% respectively). The fish aged 16 months were the most infected (17.5 cm average length and 95.84g average weight). Our results also showed that there was no infection by Trypanoplasma borreli, Trypanosoma danilewskyi, Hexamita intestinalis. VII 1 Introduction 1 Intensive Extensive Semi-intensive Cyprinus carpio carpio 2003 Fijan , 1983 Viral diseases Bacterial diseases Parasitic diseases Fungal diseases Nutrition diseases Inheritant and tumoursal Environmental diseases diseases Parasitic protozoa Duijn, 1956 Fijan , 1983 80 Parasitic metazoa 2004 2 Importance of the research 2 Hexamitosis Trypanosomosis and Trypanoplasmosis Coccidiosis PH عﻻجها Aims of the research 3 1 2 3 3 Literature review 4 Parasitic Protozoa 1 4 150 1 10000 45000 Schisler et al. , 1999 Coccidia Trypanosoma Dykova and Lom , 1983 Structure of Parasitic Protozoa 1 1 4 1 Exomembrane a 20 10 Cytoplasma b 4 Mitochondria Nucleus c Nucleolus Duszynski et al. ,1999 Noga, 2010 1 5 1996 Cox Sporozoa Coccidia Trypanosoma Flagellates Entamoeba Amoeba histolytica Balantidium coli Ciliata Cyprinus carpio carpio Goussia carpelli – Goussia subepithelialis Coccidiosis Trypanoplasma Trypanosomosis and Trypanoplasmosis borreli – Trypanosoma danilewskyi Hexamita intestinalis Hexamitosis 2 4 Coccidiosis 1 2 4 Definition Sporozoa 80 Schaperclaus,1954 ; Kocylowski and Myaczynski,1963 ; Bauer et al.,1981 Pathogen 6 Goussia carpelli Goussia subepithelialis Nodular coccidiosis Oocyst 2 Steinhagen and Korting, 1989 Classification of Pathogen Levine, 1970 ; Lom and Dykova, 1992 Phylum Apicomplexa 1 Class Sporozoa 2 Subclass Coccidia 3 Order Eimeriida 4 Family Eimeriidae 5 Genus Goussia 6 Goussia carpelli a 7 Goussia subepithelialis b 7 Epidemiology Coccidia 200 Thelohan,1890 Calyptospora Eimeria Goussia Cod Eimeria Sardine Goussia gadi sardinae Noga, 2010 80 Goussia cichlidrum Duszynski et al. , 1999 ; Noga,2010 Life cycle of Coccidia 3 Merogony a Sporozoites Sporo-oocyst Schizonts Merzoites Gametogony b Macrogametocytes Merozoites Microgametocytes 8 Sporogony c Oocysts syngamy) Zygote Endogenous sporulation Sporocysts Paterson and Desser, 1981 ; Woo, 2006 Exogenous sporulation Schizonts Noga , 2010 3 9 Hawkins et al.,1984 ; Molnar and Baska, Merozoites a Merogony 1986 Schizonts Merozoites 16 8 4 2 16 8 4 Landsperg and Paperna , 1987 X40 Merozoites (4) Noga , 2010 Macrogametocytes Macrogametocytes b 24 12 Microgametocytes 5 16 8 6 Bauer et al. , 1981 19 17 10 X40 Noga , 2010 (5) X40 (6 Steinhagen and Korting, 1989 11 Sporozoites Oocysts c Sporocysts residual body Polar granules 7 Odense and Logan , 1976 20 14 (7) Woo , 2006 Routes of infection (1975) Landua et al. Mysidacea Sporozoites Goussia funduli 2000) Fournie et al. Palaemonetes pugio 12 Goussia Goussia carpelli subepithelialis Musselius et al, 1965 ; Zmerzlanya, 1966 ; Marincek , 1973 ; Steinhagen and Korting, 1990 1 2 Shrimps Tubifex Goussia carpelli 1990) Steinghagen and Korting 8 Woo , 2006 8 13 - - Woo , 2006 Clinical Symptoms Schaperclaus , 1954 ; Kocylowski and Myaczynki , 1963; Bauer et al. , 1981 Nodular coccidiosis 9 Millet seed Noga , 2010 (9) 14 Diagnosis of Infection Woo , 2006 5 4 ×40 Immunofluorescence 1 Glutar aldehyde 4 Molnar and Baska , 1986 Treatment (Kocylowski et al. , 1 5 Amprolium 1976) Melhorn , 1988 Toltrazuril Monencin . Langdon , 1990 32 1 Sulfadimidine 33 % Lom and Dykova , 1992 15 Trypanosomiasis and Trypanoplasmosis 2 2 4 Definition Flagellates 80 40 1998 ; Woo , 1987 Pathogen Trypanoplasma borreli Trypanosoma danilewskyi (Becker , 1970 ; Lom , 1979) Classification of pathogen Woo , 2006 Euglenozoa 1 Kinetoplastidea 2 Parabodonida 1 2 Bodonidae Trypanoplasma borreli Trypanoplasma Trypanosomatida 2 2 Trypanosomatidae Trypanosoma danilewskyi Trypanosoma 16 Epidemiology Trypanosoma 190 Trypanoplasma 52 (1961) Laveran and Mesnil Trypanoplasma borreli (1904) Laveran and Mesnil Trypanosoma danilewskyi Leech Noga , 2010 Trypanosoma danilewskyi 2.3 21 Trypanoplasma borreli 24 10 4.9 Lom , 1979 ; Lom and Dykova , 1979 ; Kruse et al. , 1989 Trypanoplasma 2 Trypanosoma 1 (10 Noga , 2010 17 Routes of infection Hemicelepsis marginata Indirect transmission Sawyer, 1986 ; Woo, 2006 Binary fission Clinical Symptoms Anemia Anorexia 1998 ; Lom and Dykova , 1970 11 (11) Noga , 2010 18 Diagnosis of Infection ×40 100 (Woo , 2006) Centrifugation Treatment Noga , 2010 Hexamitosis 3 2 4 Definition Parasitic Flagellates Woo , 2006 ; Noga , 2010 Pathogen Hexamita intestinalis 4.5 20 12 1998 19 Noga , 2010 Hexamita :(12) Classification of pathogen Woo , 2006 Mastigophora 1 Diplomonadea 2 Diplomonadida 3 Hexamitidae 4 Hexamita 5 Hexamita intestinalis 6 Routes of infection Hexamita intestinalis Woo , 2006 20 Clinical Symptoms Molnar , 1974 Diagnosis of Infection Hexamita ×40 13 Einszporn and Orecka , 1979 X40 Hexamita 13 Noga , 2010 Treatment (Magnesium sulfate) Noga, 2010 (Metronidazole) 21 1 3 4 (1989) Steinhagen et al. Woo , 2006 Goussia carpelli Dykova and Lom, 1983 Goussia carpelli (2005) Molnar et al. Cyprinus carpio carpio 2 1 (Nodular Coccidiosis) (1989) Molnar Gossia subepithelialis Goussia Molnar and Ogawa , 2000 Biwa (1991) Lom et al. Goussia carpelli 50 12.5 Trypanosoma danilewskyi Ahmed et al. , 2011 22 Trypanoplasma (2000) Steinhagen et al. 45 Hank 90 (1998) Tojo and Santamarina Hexamita salmonis Nitroimidazles Oncorhynchus mykiss Hexamita salmonis Kent et al., 1992 2 3 4 1989 Monogenea Al-Samman, 1989 1999 2000 Gyrodactylus 2000 2000 2003 2007 2004 2010 23 2010 (2011) Sparidae Diplodus 2011 2013 2011 24 25 5 طرائقه Materials and Methods 1 5 7 1975 60 80 3 3 13 13 66 9 5 25 1 A 14 80 – 150 Cyprinus Tilapia carpio carpio Silver carp Grass carp 1 300 (B 14) A 26 B A (14) B 2 5 Cyprinus carpio carpio ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) Cyprinidae 15 1995 23-25 38 110 31 Fish base, 2013 2010 Cloning 27 Cyprinus carpio carpio (15) 3 5 1 40 5 100 28 70 100 37 pH metlar tolido B A D C (16) D C B A 4 5 1 4 5 2012 / 6 / 6 11 10 15-25 2013 / 5 / 14 200 pH 40 Molnar , 1989 ;Woo , 2006 2 4 5 29 a 5 17 Noga , 2010 Woo , 2006 45 ×40 ×20 ×10 (17) b Hexamita Woo , 2006 100 4 30 3 1 8 3 70 100 18 90 1.5 1 3 2 (18) (18) 19 31 (19) 20 5 4 37 (20) 21 2 70 2 90 2 2 2 1 5 2 2 32 (21) 22 ×40 (22) 3 4 5 1 (Leger and Stankovich, 1924 ; Goussia carpelli Upton et al., 1984 ; Steinhagen et al., 1989 ; Lom and Dykova , 1992 ; Woo , 2006) 33 Goussia carpelli 1 14 13 4 7 6 1.8 8.5 2 1 9 6 12.5 6 24 12 12 19 17 4 4 5 100 Prevalence 5 4 5 SPSS x2 34 35 Results 6 Coccidiosis 1 6 200 Goussia carpelli 3 Goussia carpelli Macrogametocytes Merozoites 23 B A X40 Goussia carpelli (23) Macrogametocytes B Merozoites A 25 24 2 36 X40 Macrogametocyte (24) X40 Merozoites (25) 37 (2) 6-12.5 12-24 6.4 14 Macrogametocyte 1-2 6-9 1.2 6 Merozoites Goussia carpelli 5.4 3 ◦ 19 2.9 ◦ 25 Goussia carpelli (3) ◦ 0 0 59 16 0 0 0 12 2.94 2 68 19 5.48 4 73 25 3 6 200 38 17.3 Goussia carpelli 4 / 7 7.2 pH ◦ 24 Goussia carpelli (4) O2 PH / ◦ 25 9.2 8 18 20 9.2 7.5 19 8.6 2 23 8.3 7.3 20 17.3 4 23 7 7.2 24 25 7 7.4 26 25 7.5 7.9 25 20 8.3 8.4 17 20 9.2 8.5 16 19 9.2 8.7 15 39 Goussia carpelli 5 1.6 17.6 (5) 17.6 3 17 1.6 3 183 Goussia carpelli 95.84 17.5 16 6 40 Goussia carpelli (6) 25 13 37.32 9.5 20 14 45.42 12 8.6 2 23 15 75.13 15 17.3 4 23 16 95.84 17.5 25 17 125.26 19 25 18 220.12 21 20 19 360.86 22.5 20 20 640.46 26.5 19 21 960.27 28 Goussia subepithelialis 41 2 6 200 Hexamitosis 3 6 200 Hexamita intestinalis Hexamitosis 42 43 Discussion 7 Goussia carpelli Coccidiosis (1991) Lom Goussia carpelli 3 (2005) Molnar et al.