COMMUNITY-LED PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESILIENCE COMMUNITY-LED PARTNERSHIPS FOR RESILIENCE GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY ©2015 The World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA March 2015 Disclaimer: This report is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgments on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Design: [email protected] All photographs courtesy of GROOTS International and Huairou Commission Acronyms AECID Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation CACCs Constituency AIDS Control Committees CBO Community-based organizations CEPREDENAC Coordination Center for the Prevention of Natural Disasters in Central America COPECO Comisión Permanente de Contingencias de Hondura (Permanent Commission for Contingencies in Honduras) CPP Community Practitioners Platform for Resilience DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development, the Philippines GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GROOTS Grassroots Organizations Operating Together in Sisterhood IDB Inter-American Development Bank KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra MAIS Modulo Agroclimático Inteligente e Sustentavel MHA Ministry of Home Affairs MIF Multilateral Investment Fund NAADS National Agricultural Advisory Services NACC National AIDS Control Council NGO Non-governmental organization NREGS National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme REDEH Red de Desenvolvimiento Humano (Human Development Network) SAG Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock SCHW Shibuye Community Health Workers SEPLAN Secretaría de Planificación y ooperaciónC Externa (Secretary of Planning and Cooperation) SSP Swayam Shikshan Prayog SWID Slum Women’s Initiative for Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction USAID United States Agency for International Development VDC Village Development Committee WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene YEU Yakkum Emergency Unit Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience iii Visitors from India learn about the Adapta Sertão Project in Brazil. iv Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience Acknowledgements his report documents a number of case studies where community based organizations are working in partnership with their local or national governments to effectively Tmanage disaster and climate risk in poor communities.The report aims to demonstrate the value of facilitating community-led partnerships for strengthening disaster and climate resilience. The activity was supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) as part of its Inclusive Community Resilience program. The task was supervised by Margaret Arnold. The document was prepared by GROOTS International and the Huairou Commission on behalf of the Community Practitioners Platform for Resilience (CPP). Suranjana Gupta was the lead author. Contributors to the report and case studies include: Katia Araujo, Analucy Bengochea, Josephine Castillo, Puthiyottil Chandran, Thais Corral, Ana Liz Flores, Prema Gopalan, Patricia Herrera, Sobina Lama, Joyce Nangobi, Manuela Pinilla, Regina Pritchett, Hepi Rahmawati, Violet Shivutse, and Rachael Wyant. Tafadzwa Dube, Andrés González Flores, Elizabeth Acul and Gracie Ochieng provided valuable coordination and administrative support. Irene Leung provided editorial expertise to the case studies. Marian Mabel edited the overall report, and Miki Fernández provided design expertise. Community Practitioners Platform for Resilience Organized communities living and working in hazard prone settlements bring perspectives and priorities to policy discussions that are distinct from the rest of civil society. Recognizing this, in 2009, the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) requested the Huairou Commission and its member network, GROOTS International, to build the CPP. The CPP provides space and opportunity to convene community leaders with partner institutions and a formal recognition from UNISDR that communities are key stakeholders. As such, they must directly represent their concerns in decision-making arenas to ensure that policies and programs effectively reflect community priorities and build on local capacities. The partnerships described in this document from Honduras, India, Kenya, Nepal, Philippines and Uganda have been fostered as part of an effort to build community platforms at local, national and sub-regional levels. Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience v Huairou Commission Huairou Commission is structured as a global membership coalition of women’s networks, non-governmental and grassroots women’s organizations in 54 countries. Driven by grassroots women’s organizations from around the world, the members and partners of the Huairou Commission believe it is in the best interest of local communities and the global development field for grassroots women leaders to expand their participation and leadership in community development work on the issues that affect their daily lives. Huairou Commission members and partners believe grassroots women’s participation in local to global decision-making is a reliable route to achieving gender equitable, pro-poor policies and investments. GROOTS International GROOTS International (Grassroots Organizations Operating Together in Sisterhood) is a flexible network linking leaders and groups in poor rural and urban areas in the South and the North. To nurture relationships of mutual support and solidarity among women engaged in advancing sustainable, resilient development, the network is open to grassroots groups and their partners who share a commitment to (i) strengthening women’s participation in solving development problems; (ii) helping grassroots groups share and transfer successful development approaches; (iii) focusing global attention on the priorities, leadership, and capabilities of grassroots women; and (iv) increasing opportunities for local women’s groups to network directly across national boundaries. GROOTS International is a member of the Huairou Commission and leads its thematic program on community resilience. vi Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience Contents SYNTHESIS REPORT 3 Introduction 3 Why community-led partnerships matter 4 Who are ‘communities’? 5 Features of community-led partnerships for resilience 5 What communities can offer 5 Communities have organized, informed constituencies 8 Communities have field-tested practices and solutions 10 Communities have holistic, multi-dimensional approaches to resilient development 11 Communities make government programs responsive and accountable to resilience priorities of the poor 15 Community-led partnerships foster innovation 15 New engagement and partnership mechanisms 16 New knowledge, learning and action 19 New roles for grassroots organizations 21 Conclusions CASE STUDIES 24 Win-win partnerships for resilience in the Philippines 29 Securing land, food and infrastructure in Uganda 34 New Platforms, new roles for Garifuna women in Honduras 38 Scaling up strategies to combat drought in Maharashtra, India 43 Sustainable livelihoods for small farmers in Brazil’s Sertão 47 Rehabilitating eco-systems and decentralized decision making in Padang, Indonesia 52 Protecting assets, health and food in Kenya 56 Women and local government collaborate to build resilience in Nepal Women leaders meet at the pond rehabilitated by women in partnership with the village development council, Kaski District, Nepal. viii Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience SYNTHESIS REPORT Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience 1 Uganda community volunteers. Photo: Katherine Shelley/Huairou Commission 2 Community-Led Partnerships for Resilience INTRODUCTION Why community-led partnerships matter ecurring large-scale disasters coupled with smaller localized events and changing weather patterns call for strategies that effectively address local impacts of Rnatural hazards and climate change. In recent years, policymakers and civil society organizations have noted that national legislation, policies and programs in place to advance disaster and climate resilience have not yielded results at local levels,1 particularly for communities that already suffer from structural inequalities and marginalization. Experience has shown that governments need the collaboration of local communities who live and work in hazard prone areas to ensure that proposed solutions strengthen the resilience of rural and urban poor communities that are most adversely affected by natural hazards and a changing climate. Yet many policymakers are unaware that community-driven initiatives are already underway addressing the needs of impoverished, marginalized communities in the face of disaster and climate change. These initiatives have built multi-stakeholder partnerships with local and national governments, universities, researchers and the private sector. When successful, the results invariably benefit all concerned. National and local governments are able to design and deliver effective